440 N.E.2d 1219 | Ohio Ct. App. | 1981
This cause came on to be heard upon an appeal from the Court of Common Pleas of Hamilton County.
Plaintiff-appellant Sharon Williams, initiated this action for damages by filing a complaint on May 16, 1979, against Jerry L. Kaltenbach Enterprises, Inc. d.b.a. Goodings Amusements and Goodings Million Dollar Midways, an Ohio corporation. Appellant claimed that on June 1, 1977, she was injured on a carnival ride negligently operated by defendant-appellee. Service was obtained upon the named defendant on May 25, 1979. Appellant subsequently learned she had filed suit against the wrong party and on October 18, 1979, filed an amended complaint naming "John Doe" d.b.a. Goodings Million Dollar Midways as defendant. On November 19, 1979, she filed a second amended complaint eliminating the John Doe designation and naming Goodings Million Dollar Midways, Inc., a Massachusetts based corporation, as defendant. Service was obtained on November 27, 1979. Appellee moved to dismiss the action under Civ. R. 12 (B)(6) for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Appellee argued that the claim was barred by the statute of limitations because it was not named in the complaint until after the statutory period of two years had run. R.C.
As her first assignment of error appellant contends the trial court erred in granting appellee's motion to dismiss by ruling as a matter of law that the complaint was barred by the statute of limitations. She argues that under Civ. R. 15(C) the amended complaint naming appellee relates back to the original complaint filed two weeks before the statute of limitations had run.
The purpose of Civ. R. 15(C) is to ameliorate the effect of the statute of limitations in certain situations. Three conditions must be satisfied to prevail under the rule. Appellant must *114 demonstrate that: (1) the claim asserted in the amended pleading arises out of the conduct, transaction, or occurrence set forth in the original pleading; (2) within the period provided by law for commencing the action against him, the party to be brought in received such notice of the institution of the action that he will not be prejudiced in maintaining his defense on the merits; and (3) within the period provided by law for commencing the action against him, the party to be brought in knew or should have known that, but for a mistake concerning the identity of the proper party, the action would have been brought against him.
Since appellant seeks only to change the party against whom her claim is asserted, the first condition of Rule 15(C) is satisfied.
As to the second condition, there is nothing in the record of this case indicating that appellee received notice of the institution of the lawsuit prior to receiving service of process more than five months after the statute of limitations had run.1 This is not a case where the substituted defendant can be presumed to have known of the institution of the action because of its close relationship with the originally named defendant. Cf. United States v. Travelers Ins. Co. (D. Colo. 1966),
Appellant maintains, however, that the second condition of Civ. R. 15(C) has been satisfied. Appellant stated in an affidavit that prior to the running of the statute of limitations she notified a claims adjuster with the original defendant's insurance company of the instigation of the lawsuit. Appellee was insured by the same company, and appellant argues that under the identity of interests concept notice to the claims adjuster was notice to appellee. While no Ohio case has considered whether notice to an insurance company is notice to its insured,2 this court has held that notice to a father does not automatically constitute notice to his son. Kirtley v.Pennington (July 11, 1979), No. C-780425, unreported. It is not necessary, however, to decide if there is sufficient *115 connection between appellee and its insurance company to satisfy the notice requirement of Civ. R. 15(C) because the third condition has not been met; i.e., appellant has made no showing that before the statute of limitations had run appellee knew or should have known that appellant was mistaken as to the identity of the proper party and but for that mistake the action would have been brought against it. Since appellant has clearly failed to satisfy the last condition, she cannot prevail under Civ. R. 15(C).
On appeal appellant argues that the doctrine of equitable estoppel permits relation back under Civ. R. 15(C), but the record contains no reference to equitable estoppel as a basis for appellant's opposition to the motion to dismiss. It is well settled that issues not raised in the trial court will not be considered on appeal. Shibley v. Time, Inc. (1975),
Civ. R. 15(C) will not permit the relation back of appellant's amended complaint. Her claim is thus barred by the statute of limitations, and the trial court was correct in dismissing the complaint under Civ. R. 12(B)(6). The first assignment of error is accordingly overruled.
Appellant's second assignment of error states the trial court erred in granting the motion to dismiss because it failed to consider the tolling of the statute of limitations pursuant to R.C.
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
BLACK, P.J., KEEFE and DOAN, JJ., concur.