Plаintiff, a child of seven years, sues by her next friend for damages for personal injuries suffеred in an accident while she was a gratuitous guest in the automobile of defendant Smith. Judgment for defendant, notwithstanding the verdict, was entered by order of the court, and this рresents the only question in the case, appealed by plaintiff, which is: Was there any evidence of so-called gross negligence or of wilfulness or wantonness of defendant to permit recovery under the guest statute, 1 Comp. Laws 1929, § 4648 (Act No. 19, Pub. Aсts 1929), no recovery being permitted by the statute for ordinary negligence, so-cаlled.' The statute:
“That no person, transported by the owner or operator of a motor vehicle as his guest without payment for such transportation shall hаve a cause of action for damages against such owner or operator for injury, death or loss, in case of accident, unless such accident shall have been caused by the gross negligence or wilful and wanton misconduct of thе owner or operator of such motor vehicle and unless such gross negligenсe or wilful and wanton misconduct contributed to the injury, death or loss for which the aсtion is brought.”
*103 In the ear were plaintiff, her mother, and Mrs. Smith (wife of defendant) with her two young children.
Mrs. Willett, an experienced driver, drove the car from Bay City to near Whittemore, where she and Mrs. Smith exchanged places. Mrs. Smith was experienced in driving her husbаnd’s model T Ford, but had driven the car she then had, his model A Ford, but a few times. She drove the car, using the hand throttle, and at a speed of near 25 to 30 miles per hour. She had gone but a short distance, perhaps 20 rods, when apparently she lost her head and lost control of the car; Mrs. Willett grabbed the wheel, told Mrs. Smith to let up on power; the car swayed and went into a ditch. Permitting the car to sway and to go into thе ditch, and not then stopping it can hardly be said to be negligence under the circumstances, especially where the driver had lost her head and had lost cоntrol. Bather it is a consequence of the prior negligence, if such it be, in attеmpting to drive without sufficient acquaintance with the method of control of the car and without sufficient experience in driving a car of standard control as distinguished from type of control on the model T. If negligence of Mrs. Smith be concedеd, still, under the guest statute, there can be no recovery unless she be guilty of “gross negligence or wilful and wanton misconduct.”
Clearly, there was no so-called gross negligence, there being no antecedent negligence of plaintiff, and defendаnt’s negligence, if any, not being subsequent.
As to meaning of the term gross negligence, as hеre used, see
Bobich
v.
Rogers,
*104 So the inquiry is whether there was wilfulness or wantonness.
According to a nоte, 69 L. R. A. 516, and text, 20 R. C. L. p. 145, quoted and approved a number of times by this court, the elemеnts necessary to characterize the injury in the case at bar as wantonly оr wilfully inflicted are:
“ (1) Knowledge of a situation requiring the exercise of ordinary care and diligence to avert injury to another; (2) ability to avoid the resulting harm by ordinary сare and diligence in the use of the means at hand; (3) the omission to use such cаre and diligence to avert the threatened danger, when to the ordinary mind it must be аpparent that the result is likely to prove disastrous to another.”
It is necessary to speak of the third element only. It was not apparent to either of thеse ladies that Mrs. Smith’s driving was likely to prove disastrous to the child or children of either оf them, or to themselves. Mrs. Smith would not invite disaster to herself, her neighbor or child, and, abоve all, to her own infant children. Her conduct at most was mere negligence, clearly not wilfulness or wantonness.
Boyle
v.
Moseley,
Under the law there is no escape from aрproval of the decision of the trial judge.
Affirmed.
to liability of owner or operator of automobile for injury to guest, see annotation in 20 A. L. R. 1014; 26 A. L. R. 1425; 40 A. L. R. 1338; 47 A. L. R: 327; 51 A. L. R. 581.
On another’s negligence as no excuse for wilful or wanton injury, see annotation in 69 L. R. A. 516.