Petitioners Elbert and Wilma Willard, husband and wife, jointly sought adoption, inter alia, of four minor children. Elbert and Brenda Willard Doyle, formerly husband and wife, are the natural parents of three of the children. Brenda is the natural mother of the fourth child which she and Elbert adopted following their marriage. Brenda answered opposing the adoption and affirmatively prayed for modification of the decree which divorced Elbert from her so that she should be allotted specific times each month to visit with her four children. The procedures prescribed by Ch. 453, RSMo 1978, were faithfully followed by the trial court and are not questioned upon appeal. After due hearing, the court nisi decreed the four children to be legally adopted by petitioners and denied Brenda’s entreaties for modification of the divorce decree. Brenda appealed.
Brenda’s three points relied on read: “I. The court erred in terminating the parental rights of Brenda Willard Doyle, natural mother of her four minor children on the grounds that the natural mother had willfully abandoned and or willfully neglected said children for a period of a year before the filing of petition for adoption, because said decree terminating the parental rights and decreeing adoption of said minors was not supported by the evidence, particularly by clear, cogent and convincing evidence as required by the statute. II. The court erred in refusing and failing to modify original decree to award and order specific visitation rights to Brenda Willard Doyle, natural mother of said minor children. III. In review of this non-jury case, it is the duty of the appellate court to make its own finding of facts and conclusion of law.”
We are initially confronted with the motion of Elbert and Wilma to dismiss Brenda’s points relied on II and III for failure to comply with the requirements of Rule 84.-04(d). The requirements of this rule are mandatory and applicable to court-tried cases. Simpson v. Island View Sales Corp.,
Elbert Willard, an over-the-road truck driver for 15 years before the date of the May 1980 trial herein and whose age was not revealed, married Brenda Willard Doyle on a date undisclosed by the record. However, the oldest of the three children resulting from that union was born October 20, 1969. As previously mentioned, after Elbert and Brenda were married they adopted a child born to Brenda by a previous marriage. During this coverture, Elbert and Brenda lived in or near West Plains. For
After her separation from Elbert in December 1974 and before the February 1975 divorce, Brenda (30 years old at the time of the May 1980 trial herein) left West Plains and moved to Illinois and then Louisiana leaving the four children in Elbert’s care. In the latter part of February 1975, Bill Henry went “down to Louisiana and got” Brenda. Together Brenda and Bill returned to West Plains where they resided together for about a year. After that, Brenda and Bill lived in Kansas City for another year until they “broke up” in February 1978. Brenda then moved to Ft. Smith, Arkansas, where she has resided ever since. A week or two after moving to Arkansas, Brenda met a Mr. Doyle. Two months thereafter Brenda and Doyle began living together but they “didn’t get married until after” their baby was born or “about a year” after the cohabitation commenced.
Because of the extended period involved id est, December 1974 to May 1980, the memories of the various witnesses, unsurprisingly enough, tended to be fuzzy and sometimes inconsistent when recounting details and dates. Elbert recalled that between December 1974 and until Edna moved in to care for the children in early 1975, and again after his separation from Edna in late 1975 until he married Wilma in September 1977, the children were mostly being cared for by babysitters in their homes. This was necessary because Elbert, an over-the-road truck driver, was home and off work only about a day and a half following an absence of approximately six days. Shortly after divorcing Brenda, Elbert said he tried “several times” to get Brenda “to come stay with the children at the home,” including “one time when the kids were sick,” but that she refused the invitations. Elbert recounted that Brenda, the children’s mother, visited the children once or twice after their initial separation, but that Brenda had not again seen the children until near Christmas 1976 and that he received only one letter from Brenda during that year. It was Elbert’s recollection that Brenda did not see the children in 1977 and 1978, and had not seen them since except for one time after the present action was filed when she saw them at school.
Wilma, Elbert’s present wife and joint petitioner, testified she had been contacted but twice by Brenda to see the children and that Brenda was then advised it would be necessary for her to arrange this with Elbert which was never done. The witness said that Brenda had not seen the children since Elbert and Wilma were married in September 1977, except for one time “when we had the other trial,” and that the children “said they did not want her, they didn’t even know her.”
Brenda’s sister stated that since February 1978, when Brenda moved to Arkansas, Brenda had not been to West Plains, except to attend trials,
In determining this appeal we must remember that as the trier of the fact, the trial court had leave to believe or disbelieve all, part or none of the testimony of any witness [Cave v. Cave,
Our statute, § 453.040(4), RSMo 1978, provides: “The consent of the adoption of a child is not required of . . . (4) A parent who has for a period of at least one year immediately prior to the filing of the petition for adoption, either willfully abandoned the child or willfully neglected to provide him with proper care and maintenance.” As used in the law, “willfully abandoned” means an intentional and voluntary relinquishment of the child’s custody to another to never again claim the rights of a parent nor to perform the duties of a parent, coupled with an intentional withholding by the parent from the child, without just excuse or cause, his presence, care, love, protection, maintenance and display of filial affection. The term “willfully neglected” is construed to be deliberate and intentional neglect, without excuse or cause, which evidences a settled purpose to forego parental duties. To constitute willful neglect or abandonment under the statute, the parent’s conduct must have occurred during the year immediately before the adoption petition was filed, albeit conduct of the parent before and after the statutory period may also be considered to determine the parent’s intent and purpose. D_ G_ K_ v. D_ G_K_,
In brief, the trial court could have correctly bottomed its action upon the following. When Elbert and Brenda separated in December 1974, Elbert, with Brenda’s apparent assent, assumed custody and care of the children and has had those responsibilities ever since. Although the February 1975 divorce decree reserved unto Brenda reasonable visitation rights with the children plus continuous two weeks’ visitation rights during her vacation periods, Brenda’s contacts with the children were very minimal during the first year following the divorce and were practically nonexistent thereafter. At no time did Brenda undertake to exercise her two weeks of visitation rights. Although Brenda said she visited in West Plains about once a month while living in Kansas City from 1977 to 1978, she did not then see the children and did not visit with them after moving to Arkansas in early 1978 except for a one-time half-hour visit at a West Plains school in the fall of 1979 after the instant action was commenced. There was no indication that Brenda’s avowed seldom but denied telephone entreaties to see the children were pursued with concrete or purposeful efforts. Brenda’s excuse for not seeing the children while she was living in Kansas City and in
Ignoring the conflict in the testimony regarding how many times Brenda saw or sought to see the children in the first few months after the divorce, her efforts in this regard were virtually nonexistent for two years after early 1977 and before the adoption petition was filed. Obviously, the trial court did not credit Brenda’s feeble and extremely sporadic efforts to see her children after moving to Kansas City with sufficient importance to overcome the many months thereafter, representing more than a year before the petition was filed, during which the children were almost wholly ignored and neglected by Brenda. Young v. Young, supra,
Judgment affirmed.
Notes
. The evidence suggested that Brenda had attended trials relating to matters unrelated to the adoption proceedings.