70 W. Va. 92 | W. Va. | 1911
Trial of this action in ejectment was had by jury and resulted in a verdict for plaintiffs. Judgment thereupon followed. Defendant assigns error and seeks a reversal.
The whole controversy turns on the location of the true line between a tract of land long in the possession of plaintiffs and an adjoining tract long in the possession of defendant.
The parties seem agreed that the line runs from a particular corner. But each side claims a different corner for the other end of the line. ' So a triangular parcel belongs to one tract or the other, according to the establishment of the corner in dispute. As we shall see, the location of this disputed corner was a matter for the jury to determine, mostly from parol testimony. Their finding is by no means unsupported by the evidence. Certain it is, the finding is not against a clear preponderance of the evidence. The jury were properly instructed. We cannot disturb their verdict.
Plaintiffs’ deed calls for the line of defendant’s land. Defendant says that plaintiffs are bound by this call of their deed and can claim only to the line of his land. But the question still remains, where is the proper location of the line in relation to defendant’s tract? Defendant has not had an enclosure of the disputed territory, nor has he had possession of it to the exclusion of plaintiffs. The greater portion has lain in the common. Indeed plaintiffs long had possession of a part of the disputed territory until defendant entered shortly prior to the beginning of this suit. Plaintiffs are bound by the true location of the line of defendant’s tract, since their deed calls for the line of his land, but they are not bound by any location of the line that defendant sees fit to make. If the line is where plaintiffs claim, the disputed parcel is a part of the tract which has long been in their possession under
Defendant testifies that “the Syms line” is the true line of his land. Deeds in his chain of title, as well as deeds in plaintiff’s chain of title, plainly show that an old line called “the Syms line” is the division line between these two tracts of land. According to defendant’s title papers “the Syms line” extends from the corner' well established as one end of the dine, and as to which there is practically no dispute; to a corner described as “two white oaks on Cooper’s Point,” a distance of 360 poles. This call for the line is first found in the deed from Becldey to Syms, made in 1842, conveying the land now owned by defendant, where the direction of the line is given as N. 78 E. The later title papers of defendant call for this same line. It appears that “the Syms line” was once called “McDaniel’s line,” before Syms owned the land. In plaintiffs’ title papers there is a deed from Beckley to Cooper, made in 1835, which calls for this line as “Mr. McDaniel’s line on Cooper’s Point.” Then the deed from Cooper to Meador, conveying the land which plaintiffs now own, calls for the line as “John Simses line on Cooper’s Point.” Clearly, “the S3rms line” is the division line between the land of plaintiffs and the land of defendant. There can be no question as to the location of the corner for one end of the line. The testimony of the county surveyor as to the location of that corner sufficiently establishes it. Indeed defendant accepts the location of that corner, but insists that the line shall run from it.to a corner other than the one claimed by the plaintiffs. The controversy- narrows to a dispute over the location of the end of the line at the corner called for “on Cooper’s Point.” The testimony establishes a sharp point of the mountain to be Cooper’s Point. Old citizens of the vicinity testify that this particular spot has been known by the name for many years. Cooper’s Point, is found and by the evidence unquestionably established. But the “two white oaks” are not found on it. Nor does the course of the line when run
Defendant relies on the fact that he has shown a small marked white oak at the end of the line when run on the course for which the old deed calls, while the two white oaks that are called for “on Cooper’s Point” are not there. The evidence as to the marks on the small white oak and as to its age is of doubtful consequence. At any rate that tree is not “on Cooper’s Point.” It can have no standing as a corner since it is not at the place it should be. The line calls not simply for white oaks. Those white oaks to be reeognizéd as corner trees for the line must be “on Cooper’s Point.” That place is a natural monument that cannot be disregarded. True, the white oaks are not found “on Cooper’s Point,” but there is no evidence in the ease that they were never there. There has been ample time for them to disappear since 1843. _ Defendant does not even undertake to prove that the white oaks as called for were never since date of the deed at the place which the witnesses establish as 'Cooper’s Point. Trees naturally
In locating the boundaries of land, ordinarily course and distance must yield to a call for a natural monument. Chief Justice Marshall said: “All lands are supposed to be actually surveyed, and the intention of the grant is to convey the land according to that actual survey; consequently if marked trees and marked corners he found conformable to the calls of the patent, or mountains or any other natural objects, distances must be lengthened or shortened, and courses varied so as to conform to those objects.” McIver v. Walker, 9 Cranch 173. In the case before us, it is only the course that must yield. The distance fits the call for the natural monument — the sharp point of the mountain. The course can be changed or disregarded, but the fixed location of the point of a mountain cannot be moved to another place. The evidence abundantly establishes the location of each of the corners pertaining to “the Synxs line.” That line must be drawn between them. The jury most properly so found. The words of Judge Tucker are appropriate here: “If a patent or deed refer to any notorious landmarks, or natural boundaries, which cannot be mistaken, and are not liable to change or decay, as the corners or angles of a plat, such notorious landmarks are to be regarded as termini, from whence straight lines are to be run from one to the other, without regard to the correspondence of either course or distance, which may in such cases be mistaken in the deed.” Dogan v. Seekright, 4 Hen. & M. 130.
It was not incumbent on plaintiffs to trace their title to the commonwealth. The testimony sufficiently shows that they, and those under whom they hold, have been in the continuous exclusive possession of the tract to which the disputed parcel belongs for a period much longer than the statutory bar. That possession extended to the bounds of their deed. It extended to “the Syms line.” They were in possession of the tract claiming to that line. They may recover in ejectment under such circumstances without establishing a chain of paper title running to the commonwealth. Riffle v. Skinner, 67 W. Va. 75.
An order will be entered affirming the judgment.
A firmed.