153 F. 662 | U.S. Circuit Court for the District of West Virginia | 1907
The sole question to be determined in this case is as to whether a petition of removal is amendable as to any of its statements of fact at the discretion of the court, and, if so, whether this is an instance in which the court should exercise its discretion to permit such amendment.
In the first place, I may say that almost all the Circuit Courts have held that the allegations of the petition for removal as originally filed in this case are sufficient to give absolute jurisdiction to hear and determine the cause. I have held that such allegations were sufficient to give such jurisdiction in the absence of any-motion by plaintiff to remand the case. In this case such motion is made, and thereupon the
What is the nature and office of a petition for removal? The Supreme Court of the United States, in the case of Kinney v. Columbia Savings & Loan Association, 191 U. S. 78, 21 Sup. Ct. 30, 48 L. Ed. 103, speaking by Justice Brewer, says:
“It is frequently stated that amendments are within the discretion of the court, and that, unless it appears that the discretion has been abused, no error is shown. A petition and bond for removal are in ihe nature of process. They constitute the process by which the case is transferred from the state to the federal court.”
The court goes on to quote the familiar provisions of law authorizing the amendment of process, pleadings, and other proceedings in courts of the United States, found in sections 918 and 954, Rev. St. U. S. [U. S. Comp. St. 1901, pp. 695, 696]. In the Kinney Case the allegation as to citizenship was as follows:
“That the controversy in said suit is between citizens of different states, and that (lie defendant in the above-entitled suit was at the time of the commencement of tlie suit, and still is, a resident and a citizen of the city of Denver, and state of Colorado.”
It will be seen that in this case, while the citizenship of the defendant was fully and accurately stated, the citizenship of the plaintiffs was not stated at all, the petition merely containing a general averment that the controversy was between citizens of different states; and the amendment of the petition was permitted. In the case at bar the citizenship of the defendant was accurately -stated, and a specific averment was made that “at the commencement of this suit Leo If. Wilbur [the plaintiff] was and still is a citizen of the state of Kentucky.” It subsequently appeared that the defendant’s counsel was misinformed as to plaintiff’s citizenship, and he now asks to be permitted to make the facts to appear on the record.
The motion to remand was predicated on my opinion in the case of Foulk v. Gray (C. C.) 120 Fed. 156, and it is a fact, no doubt well known to counsel on both sides, that in most jurisdictions the courts sustain their jurisdiction on removal upon allegations as to citizenship similar to- those appearing in the original petition for removal. While T am still convinced that my decision in the case of Foulk v. Gray, ante, was correct, and that a motion by the plaintiff to remand in this case would have had to be sustained had he been in fact a citizen and a resident of Kentucky, in support of which view see opinion of court in Cochran v. Montgomery County, 199 U. S. 273, 26 Sup. Ct. 58, 50 L. Ed. 182, and Gebbie & Co. v. Review of Reviews Co. (C. C.) 134 Fed. 150, yet, upon the authority of Kinney v. Columbia, etc., Association, 191 U. S. 78, 24 Sup. Ct. 30, 48 L. Ed. 103, Powers v. Chesapeake & O. R. Co., 169 U. S. 91, 18 Sup. Ct. 264, 42 L. Ed. 673, Parker v. Overman, 18 How. 137, 15 L. Ed. 318, Carson v. Dunham, 121 U. S. 421, 7 Sup. Ct. 1030, 30 L. Ed. 992, and many others, I hold that the motion to amend the petition for removal should be sus
“In the petition to remove this case from the state court there was not a proper averment as to the citizenship of the plaintiff in error. It is alleged that Parker resided in Tennessee and White in Maryland. ‘Citizenship’ and ‘residence’ are not synonymous terms; but, as the record was afterwards so amended as to show conclusively the citizenship of the parties, the court below had, and this court have, undoubted jurisdiction of the case.”
The tendency of all of these decisions is to recognize the right of amendment of the petition for removal to the extent of the correction of erroneous statements, and the addition of statements to more fully show the facts which support the grounds of removal. The grounds of removal in this case are the facts that this is a civil suit, in which the amount in dispute exceeds the sum of $2,000, exclusive of interest and costs, in which the parties are citizens of different states, and the amendment offered is for- the purpose of more particularly and accurately stating the citizenship and residence of the parties so as to show that this court has jurisdiction of the cause.
I think it proper, before closing this opinion, to call the attention of counsel to the advisability, to- sáy the least, of conforming in these removal proceedings to the approved proceedings and forms laid down in text authorities upon thq practice in United States courts. For example, in the present case the petition is not verified, nor does the original petition set forth the residence of the plaintiff. That of the defendant (it being a corporation) is necessarily in the state of its citizenship. See Wilcox & Gibbs G. Co. v. Phœnix Ins. Co. (C. C.) 60 Fed. 929. While it is true that the courts are very liberal in overlooking such defects in the petition, especially where it has been received by the state court without objection (see Meyer v. Del. R. R. Construction Co., 100 U. S. 457, 25 L. Ed. 593), still, inasmuch as the jurisdiction of the federal courts is a limited jurisdiction, dependent upon a substantial compliance with the conditions requisite to invoking it, due care should be taken to pattern the forms and proceedings so as to conform to the best approved models.
An order may be entered overruling the motion to remand, and amending the petition for removal.