238 F. 321 | 4th Cir. | 1916
For a detailed statement of facts reference is made to the opinion of the court below. Heublein v. Wight, 227 Fed. 667. The appellants contend, it is true, that these findings are inaccurate or unwarranted in certain particulars; but we are satisfied, after careful study of the record, that everything claimed in that regard might be conceded without affecting the substantial matters upon which the learned District Judge based his decision.
The Sherwood Distilling Company, a Maryland corporation organized in 1882, has always been dominated by the Wights, as was also the prior partnership which the corporation succeeded. It has five directors, namely: John H. Wight, the president; his brother, William H. Wight, the secretary-treasurer; Alpheus H. Wight, another brother; Francis D. Wight, son of John H. Wight, a salesman; and James W. Booth, representing the minority stockholder Heublein, who brought this suit to enjoin the payment of salaries alleged to be grossly excessive. Heublein owns one-third of the capital stock, having bought a sixth' about 1905, when the total was only $30,000, and another sixth in 1913, when it had been increased to $700,000. The other two-thirds is owned by members of the Wight family; John H. Wight and William H. Wight together holding a majority. In connection-with the increase of stock in 1907, which was a mere re
Measured by volume of business the company has fairly maintained its record of prosperity.* Taking the 10 years from 1906 to 1915, inclusive, each year ending with the 31st of July, the average has been about $470,000. The lowest years were 1908 and 1909, when it was under $400,000, and the highest was 1913, when it rose above $600,-000. The two following years, and notably 1915, showed a marked decline, though even this year was better than 1906, and not much below the average for the decade. But the company’s net income, which was around $70,000 in 1906, has not nearly been maintained, and of late has fallen to comparatively low figures. Tor three years no dividends have been paid on the stock, and in 1915 the surplus over expenses was insufficient by upwards of $4,700 to pay interest on the outstanding bonds, and this without any charge for depreciation. Various reasons -are put forward for this shrinkage of profits, and certainly not all of it can be laid to incompetent management; but, giving due weight to the explanations offered, the actual results of operation are still of significant bearing upon the reasonableness of the salaries in question.
These salaries were as follows: John H. Wight, president, $15,-000; William H. Wight, secretary-treasurer, $7,500; and Francis L,. Wight, salesman, $4,200. The salaries of the first two were voted at a meeting of the board in 1905, when they and a bookkeeper in their employ were the only directors present; and these salaries were continued without change until reduced by the decree now under review. The salary of Francis U Wight was fixed about July, 1914. Heublein frequently complained of these salaries and insisted upon their reduction, but 'his protests were wholly without avail. At the directors’ meeting in July, 1915, the entire board being present and all the stock represented, the matter was again 'brought up, and Booth made a motion that the president’s salary be reduced to $7;500, and the secretary’s to $5,000; but the only affirmative vote was his own. Alpheus H. Wight refrained from voting.at all, and the other three Wights voted in the negative. This suit was begun a few weeks afterwards.
‘‘Both the stockholders and directors, in fixing compensation of officers; must act in good faith', and reasonably. While stockholders may vote at corporate meetings in fixing their own salaries as officers, and may elect directors, they cannot take advantage of their ownership of a controlling interest to vote themselves excessive salaries, or cause excessive salaries to be voted to them by directors whom they control. Nor can the directors vote excessive compensation .to themselves or others. If they do so, a court of equity will give relief by injunction or decree for an accounting at the suit of the corporation, or of minority stockholders.”
The underlying principle is well stated, citing a number of cases, in Wickersham v. Crittenden, 93 Cal. 17, 28 Pac. 788, as follows:
“The directors of a corporation hold a fiduciary relation to the stockholders, and have been intrusted by them with the management of the corporate property for the common benefit and advantage of each and every stockholder, and by their acceptance of this office they preclude themselves from doing any act, or engaging in any transaction, in which their private interest will conflict with the duty they owe to the stockholders, and from making any use of their power or of the corporate property for their own advantage.”
It is obviously not the province of a court of equity to act as the general manager of a corporation or to assume the regulation of its internal affairs. If the chosen directors, without interests in conflict with the interest of stockholders, act in good faith in fixing salaries or incurring other expenses, their judgment will not ordinarily be reviewed by the courts, however unwise or mistaken it may appear; but this is far from saying that equity will refuse to redress the wrong done to a stockholder by the action or policy of directors, whether in voting themselves excessive salaries or otherwise, which operates to their own personal advantage, without any corresponding benefit to the corporation under their control. In this case the Wights own a majority of the stock and constitute a majority of the board of directors; and they have continued the salaries in question against the repeated protest of Heublein, and in the face of waning prosperity and an unpromising future. It is quite evident that they have long regarded this business as a purely .family affair, with which no outsider, not even a minority stockholder, should be permitted to interfere. This attitude of mind, perhaps in large degree unconscious, may minimize the moral delinquency of their acts, but it cannot serve to avert the legal consequences
The case turns on' this finding, and its affirmance leaves little occasion for further comment. By the decree appealed from the salary of John H. Wight is reduced to $7,500, the salary of William H. Wight to $5,000, and the salary of Francis L,. Wight to $3,000; and we are of opinion that in fixing these amounts the treatment of the Wights has been considerate and even generous.
Affirmed.
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