84 A.D.2d 814 | N.Y. App. Div. | 1981
In ah action to recover damages for conversion, plaintiff appeals from an order of the Supreme Court, Westchester County (Leggett, J.), dated April 24,1981, which denied his motion to dismiss defendant’s second and third counterclaims for failure to state causes of action. Order reversed, on the law, with $50 costs and disbursements, and motion granted. Plaintiff brought this action against his wife for her alleged conversion of certain property belonging to the parties jointly or to himself alone. In addition to denying his claims, defendant wife interposed, inter alia, a counterclaim for intentional infliction of emotional distress and a counterclaim for wrongful institution of a civil proceeding. The former counterclaim was based on such alleged acts as her husband’s addressing her in “loud, abusive language”, informing her and the family of his loss of any love for her, staying away from the marital home, refusing to pay family expenses, and removing her from control of the family budget. The latter was based on the institution of the instant action with intent to compel her to agree to a dissolution of the marriage. Special Term denied the husband’s motion to dismiss these counterclaims on the ground that a married woman has a right of action against her husband for his wrongful or tortious acts (General Obligations Law, § 3-313). This was error. Plaintiff husband had not raised an objection based on the wife’s common-law disability long since lifted by this statutory provision; nor has this provision been interpreted as an enlargement of marital rights (see State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v Westlake, 35 NY2d 587, 591). Instead, plaintiff argued that the law would take cognizance of the alleged acts only by way of a matrimonial action. We agree. The counterclaim for intentional infliction of emotional distress alleges a number of acts that culminated in “severe emotional and mental suffering and distress, sleeplessness and aggravation, all of which, in turn, caused plaintiff [sic] to become physically debilitated.” Absent physical contact or direct physical injury, however, the acts complained of do not amount to a cognizable cause of action in tort unless they constituted conduct “beyond all reasonable bounds of decency”. (See Halio v Lurie, 15 AD2d 62, 67.) The Court of Appeals in Weicker v Weicker (22 NY2d 8, 11) pointed out that, assuming such a tort existed in this State, strong policy considerations militated against its introduction to disputes arising out of marital differences. Permitting damages in such cases