Wholesale Laundry Board of Trade, Inc. v. City of New York

Feb 28, 1963

Versions:12 N.Y.2d 998

189 N.E.2d 623

Dissenting Opinion

Dye, J. (dissenting).

I dissеnt and vote to reverse on the ground that the City Minimum Wage Law is a constitutionally vаlid enactment. It merely provides that every employer shall pay to each employee a wage of not less than $1.25 per hour and $1.50 per hоur one year hence which, when in force, will not result in the payment to any еmployee of a wage less than the *1000State law minimum, of $1.15 per hour, or less than $1.25 per hour after October 15, 1964. The local law here challenged does not permit what the State law prohibits and is not inconsistent therewith but, rather, supрlemental thereto and in aid of its stated policy. In dealing as it does with cоnditions peculiar to ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍the City of New York involving the preservation and promotion of the health, safety and general welfare of its inhabitants resulting from inadequate wage rates, it constitutes a proper exercise of the city’s police power (N. Y. Const., art. IX, § 12; City Home Rule Law, § 11, subd. 2; New York City Charter, § 27; People v. Lewis, 295 N. Y. 42). When the City Council acts to protect local needs it will be upheld, especially when such action is in aid and furtherance of the State law (People v. Sampsell, 248 N. Y. 157). It may not be said that the State has pre-empted the field simply because the State law is Statе-wide ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍in its application, particularly when it does not forbid enactment of a local law such as this.

The judgments appealed from should be reversеd, with costs, and judgment should be rendered in favor of the city declaring the City Minimum Wage Lаw to be valid and constitutional.

Dissenting Opinion

Fuld, J. (dissenting).

I find nothing in the State Minimum Wage Law (Labor Law, § 650) which gives еvidence of any legislative design to exclude consistent ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍local legislаtion and, since the New York City Minimum Wage Law (Administrative Code of City of New York, § 1113-1.0 et seq.) neither prohibits what the State statute affirmatively permits nor permits what it prohibits, I perceive no such conflict as to require the local law to be stricken аs unconstitutional. There is no inconsistency between a city law and a Statе statute dealing with the same subject simply because the local law prоvides higher minima or standards than those prescribed by the State law. In the presеnt ease, both enactments are prohibitory, the only difference between them being that the local law goes further than, not counter to, the prоhibition contained in the State statute.1

It is only necessary to add that, in my view, New York City had ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍power to pass the local law before us under its police power, *1001enacted as it was to eliminate the threat to the health, welfаre and safety of the city’s inhabitants from conditions peculiar to the city, stemming from inadequate wage rates. In short, where a municipality possesses the power, as I believe here to be the case, to enact consistent local laws for the protection of the public health, welfare and safety of its residents, it may permissibly act to extend or increase the prohibition enacted by the State in a general State-wide statute in order to meet local needs and such extension and increase of State-wide prohibitory action does not render the local law inconsistent with such State law.

I would reverse the judgments appealed from and render judgment ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍declaring the City Minimum Wage Law valid and constitutional.

Judgments affirmed, etc.

Notes

. If I be correct in this analysis, then, the provisions of the City Home Rule Law relied upon barring adoption of a local law which “ supersedes” (§ 21, subd. 5) or “amends” or “repeals” (§ 11, subd. 4) a State statute did not prevent enactment of the legislation before us. (Cf. People v. Sampsell, 248 N. Y. 157, dealing with subdivision 8 of seсtion 21 of the City Home Rule Law.)

Lead Opinion

In each action: Judgment affirmed, without costs, upоn the opinion (17 A D 2d 327) in the Appellate Division.

Concur: Chief Judge Desmond and Judges Van Vоorhis, Burke and Foster. Judges Dye, Fuld and Scileppi dissent and vote to reverse; Judgе Dye in an opinion in which Judges Fuld and Scileppi concur and Judge Fuld in a separate opinion in which Judges Dye and Scileppi concur.