6 S.W.2d 745 | Tex. Comm'n App. | 1928
Defendant in error was the owner of 320 acres of land situated near Sla-ton, Tex., which he and his family occupied as a homestead. He had placed certain lumber and building material on his premises of the value of $840, preparatory to building. He was also the owner of certain live stock and personal property of the approximate value of $2,000. He entered into a series of trades with the plaintiffs in error, and, when the dealings between the parties ended, defendant in error’s property was gone, and he had not received anything of substantial value in return therefor.
He brought this suit against plaintiffs in error to recover damages alleged to have been sustained by Mm, in. which it was charged that plaintiffs in error, through false and fraudulent promises and representations, cheated and swindled him out of his 320-acre home and all of his personal property. We refer to the opinion of the Court of Civil Appeals for a full and complete statement of the .pleadings. See 282 S. W. 651.
The case was tried to a jury and submitted on special issues, all of which were answered in favor of defendant in error. The issues submitted and the answers of 'the jury thereto read as follows:
“(1) Do you find that the defendants induced the plaintiff to convey the south half of survey 17 in block 24 in Lubbock county, Tex., by means of false representations and fraudulent promises, if -any, as alleged by plaintiff in bis amended original petition?” Answered: “Yes.”
“(2) What was the reasonable market value, of the south half of survey 17 in block 24 in Lubbock county, Tex., on January 31, 1921?” Answered: “$60 per acre.”
“(3) Do you find that the defendants induced the plaintiff to convey the lumber and building material in controversy by means of false representations and fraudulent promises, if any, as alleged by plaintiff in his amended original petition?” Answered: “Yes.”
“(4) What was the reasonable market value of said lumber and building material on January 31, 1921?” Answered: “$840.”
“(5) Do you find that the defendants induced the plaintiff to convey the live stock and other personal property described in the 13th paragraph of plaintiff’s amended original petition by means of false representations and fraudulent promises, if any, as alleged by plaintiff in his amended original-petition?” Answered: “Yes.”
*747 “(©) What was the reasonable market value of such live stock and other personal property on April SO, 1921, after deducting the amount plaintiff was on said date indebted to the defendants?” Answered: “$1,665.”
“(7) What amount of exemplary damages, if any, do you find in favor of plaintiff against the defendants?” Answered: “$4,000.”
Plaintiffs in1 error dicl not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to support any of the findings of the jury. On the other hand, they filed a motion for a verdict based upon the findings, which was an affirmation that such findings were supported by the evidence. Fire Ass’n v. Moss (Tex. Civ. App.) 272 S. W. 555.
It is first contended that defendant in error is not entitled to recover on account of the fraudulent representations and promises which he alleges induced him to execute the deed to his property because of his admission upon the trial that he had executed a written contract to convey said property, and it was not pleaded that there was any fraud or mistake in the execution of same. The petition, in fact, made no reference whatever to any written contract. It is asserted that the material question was, not whether the execution of the deed was induced by fraud, but whether the antecedent written contract was so induced. If the written contract was a valid one, it would, of course, be controlling, in the absence of allegation and proof that its execution was induced through fraud or mistake. The written contract relied upon in part provided:
“That I, A. E. Whitehead, party of the first part, has this day contracted with Henry Rei-ger, party of the second part, to exchange lots 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, with improvements, for Henry Reiger’s 320 acres about 2% miles from Sla-ton, better known as the south half of survey 17, block 24, containing 320 acres,” etc.
The contract does not show in what city, county, or state the lots to be conveyed are situated, nor does it furnish the means by which the description thereof can be made definite or certain.
It has been frequently decided that specific performance of a contract to convey land will not be decreed, unless the parties thereto have described the land to be conveyed in the contract, or unless by such contract they have furnished the means by which the land can be identified with reasonable certainty. Jones v. Carver, 59 Tex. 293, and authorities there cited.
The defective description of the lots to be conveyed by Whitehead constituted a patent ambiguity, and could not be aided by parol evidence for the purpose of making the written instrument apply to any particular lots. Norris v. Hunt, 51 Tex. 612; Coker v. Roberts, 71 Tex. 597, 9 S. W. 665; Zanderson v. Sullivan, 91 Tex. 499, 44 S. W. 484; Cammack v. Prather (Tex. Civ. App.) 74 S. W. 354.
The written contract was void; hence it was unnecessary that Reiger should plead and prove that its execution was procured through fraud or mistake. He had the right to ignore such contract and predicate his action upon the fraud used by plaintiffs in error to procure the execution of the deed to his property.
The further contention is made that de-feridant in error’s cause of action is barred by the two-year statute of limitation (Vemon’s Ann. Civ. St. 1925, art. 5526). He alleged in his petition that plaintiffs in error entered into a conspiracy to cheat and,defraud him out of his property; that he was induced by the fraudulent promises and representations to convey to A. E. Whitehead his farm and certain lumber and building material situated thereon; that his land was of the actual value of $60 per acre; and that plaintiffs in error fraudulently promised him he might have, and would receive, all of the excess from the proceeds of the resale of said land, should the same be sold for more than $42.50 per acre on or before January 1, 1922.
It is strenuously insisted that defendant in error’s knowledge of the resale of the land and of the failure of plaintiffs in error to pay him said excess from such sale set in motion the statute of limitation, and that, as his suit was not filed until February 19, 1924, it was barred by the two-year statute of limitation. It appears that the land was resold by Whitehead in August, 1921. Defendant in. error testified that he first learned of the resale of the land “in the fall of 1921,” and that he thought at that time the land had been sold in the fall of 3921. For defendant in error’s cause of action to have been barred, he must have discovered prior to February 19, 1922, that the promise made by plaintiffs in error was fraudulent; that is, that it was not made with the intention of being performed.
The rule is well settled in this state that fraud will only prevent the running of the statute of limitation until the fraud is discovered, or until by the exercise of reasonable diligence it might have been discovered. First State Bank v. Visart (Tex. Civ. App.) 259 S. W. 987; Kuhlman v. Baker, 50 Tex. 636; Cooper, Adm. v. Lee, 75 Tex. 122, 12 S. W. 483.
The contract testified to by defendant in error did not require that he be paid the excess his farm brought over the $42.50 per acre immediately upon the resale thereof. In fact, no time in which such payment was to be made was specified. This being true, the law would imply that it should be paid within a reasonable time thereafter. Limitation, therefore, did not begin to run from the time defendant in error learned of the resale of his property. His cause of action would not arise until he discovered that the promise made in reference to paying him the excess on the resale of the land was made with the fraudulent intent not to perform the same.
Plaintiffs in error duly filed their plea of limitation, but the issue was not submitted to the jury, nor did plaintiffs in error request the submission of such issue. The issue of limitation, under the state of the record, was clearly one of fact for the determination of the jury. This issue constituting an affirmative defense, the failure on the part of plaintiffs in error to request that the same be submitted to the jury was a waiver thereof. Ormsby v. Ratcliffe (Tex. Sup.) 1 S.W.(2d) 1084; Bulin v. Smith (Tex. Com. App.) 1 S. W.(2d) 591, not yet officially reported.
Defendant in error testified positively that he believed plaintiffs in error intended to perform their promise until in October, 1922, at which time one of the plaintiffs in error confessed to him that they had not treated him right, but that they intended to settle with him for the amount due him by reason of the resale of the place, and that he believed and relied upon this representation until December, 1922, at which time plaintiffs in error repudiated their promise, and notified him they would make no settlement.
The evidence in this case indicates a clear, deliberate, and premeditated scheme, successfully carried out, to defraud defendant in error of his property.
We recommend that the judgment of the Court of Civil Appeals be affirmed.
Judgments of the district court and Court of Civil Appeals both affirmed, as recommended by the Commission of Appeals.
