White v. VanPatten
117 N.E. 472
Ill.
1917
Check Treatment
Mr. ChiEE Justice Carter

delivered the opinion of the court:

This was a proceeding for the partition of one hundred and twenty acres of farm land, filed in the circuit court of Lake county by appellee. A decree of partition was entered in the trial court and commissioners were appointed, who reрorted that the land was not susceptible of partition without manifest prejudice to the parties in interest. The trial court thereafter entered a decree approving the findings of the commissioners and ordering the land sold. From that decree this appeal has been prayed.

The disputed questions on this appeal relate chiefly, if not entirely, to the “homestead estate in fee simple” or other homestead interests of appellant, Ruth M. VanPatten. The property involved consists of three fоrties,—the northeast quarter of the northwest quarter, the northwest quarter of the northwest quarter and the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of section 5,—located close to and adjoining Lake Villa, in the county of Lake. The land was originally owned by David VanPatten. On March 4, 1876, he conveyed the land by warranty deed to Chauncey Jay Jones for $4500, but the grantor’s then wife did not join in the conveyance. Jones on the same date conveyed the land to Julia, the wife of said VanPatten. The decree of partition found that the deed from said VanPatten to Jones, in which his wife did not join, was ineffectual to convey, and did not convey, his unassigned and unallotted homestead rights in said farm, and left vested in him an estate in fee simple in the lands and the improvements thereon to the value of $1000, and that the conveyance by Jones to Julia VanPatten did not in any way affect David Van-Patten’s estate in fee simple to the value of $1000. Julia VanPatten died in April, 1876, intestate, leaving David, her husband, and three daughters and two sons, as her next of kin and only heirs-at-law. It is agreed that the еstate in fee simple to the value of $1000 remained in David VanPatten unaffected by her death, and that the heirs-at-law of Julia VanPatten each became seized of an undivided one-seventh part of the remainder of said estate, subject to the interests of David VanPatten.

After his first wife’s death David VanPatten married Ruth M. VanPatten. On August 8, 1912, David VanPatten then owning an estate in said lands in fee simple to the extent in value of $1000, an undivided 28/196 part of the remainder through the death of certain of the children, and also a life estate in the entire tract, which he had reserved when he deeded the land away, conveyed ‍​‌​‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‍to Ella Talbot, his wife joining in the deed, all his interest in said entire tract of land, including the “estate in fee simple to the value of $1000.” The same day Ella Talbot and her husband conveyed all оf said estate so acquired by her, to Ruth M. VanPatten. David VanPatten died November 28, 1915, intestate, and thereafter appellee filed the bill in this case.

The decree of partition found the various interests of all the heirs of David VanPatten and those of his wife. In spеcifying the interests of appellant it found that “said defendant Ruth M. VanPatten is seized and possessed of a homestead estate in fee simple in said real estate, including the buildings situated thereon and occupied by her, to the extent in value of $1000. Said defendant Ruth M. Vаn-Patten is seized and possessed of a further estate in fee simple in said real estate, or a 28/196 part of the remainder of said real estate, over and above said homestead estate in fee simple to the extent in value of $1000 in said real estаte, including the buildings occupied by said Ruth M. VanPatten, situated on said real estate.” No question was raised by either counsel as to the interests of any of the other parties.

There were two decrees entered in this proceeding. The first was a decree of partition fixing the rights of all the parties, entered January 29, 1917. No appeal was perfected by anyone from that decree. The second was the decree of sale after the report of the commissioners, entered in the circuit court Marсh 21, 1917. From that decree this appeal was prayed. Under repeated rulings of this court the interests of the various parties as fixed by the decree of partition cannot be inquired into on this appeal from the decree of sale. A partition deсree which settles the interests of the several parties and appoints commissioners to make partition is a final decree, from which dissatisfied parties should appeal at once, without waiting for the decree of sale, if they desire to question such action, as an appeal from the decree of sale does not bring up for review the findings of the partition decree. (Lantz v. Lantz, 261 Ill. 194, and cases there cited.) The partition decree specifically allows appellant a “homestеad estate in fee simple ‍​‌​‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‍to the extent in value of $1000.” That finding cannot be questioned on this appeal from the decree of sale.

We understand that both parties agree that the decree fixing the interests is final. They differ as to the character of the estate established by this decree of the circuit court. Counsel for appellant argue that Ruth M. VanPatten’s homestead, as found by this decree, should have been set off to her by the commissioners or that her written consent to the sale of the homesteаd should have been secured, or, in the absence of such consent, that the court 'should not have ordered a sale of the premises without providing for the payment of $1000 to her before she was required to surrender possession. If the decree had found thаt Ruth M. VanPatten was entitled to an ordinary homestead estate in the premises the statute provides certain methods of dealing with the same, under the circumstances shown here, before a sale can be had. (Hurd’s Stat. 1916, chap. 106, secs. 22, 32; see, also, Grote v. Grote, 275 Ill. 206.) The deed from David VanPatten to Jones being defective as to the homestead, (his first wife, Julia, not joining,) did not affect VanPatten’s title in the fee to the extent in value of $1000. As to that estate such deed was a nullity and the title remained in VanPatten. A deed embracing thе homestead which is not operative to convey that estate leaves it in the grantor unaffected by the deed, and the estate is to be treated precisely as though the deed had never been executed. It may be transferred by a sufficient conveyance or the title will descend to the heirs-at-law. ( Gray v. Schofield, 175 Ill. 36, and cases cited.) It is such an estate ‍​‌​‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‍as is described in Jespersen v. Mech, 213 Ill. 488, where the court said (p. 493) : “An attempt by the husband to convey the homestead without.his wife joining in the execution of the dеed, if the premises exceed in value $1000, as we have frequently held, conveys only .the excess over and above the homestead of $1000 in value. ' The title to the homestead to the extent in value of $1000 in fee remains in him, and upon his death, and the abandonment оf the same by the widow and children, descends to his heirs-at-law, and may be partitioned by them as in cases of any other inherited estate.” This homestead estate David Van-Patten and his second wife, Ruth M. VanPatten, conveyed to Ella Talbot, and Ella Talbot and her husband conveyed this same estate to Ruth M. VanPatten, and the decree of partition provided that such an estate, described in the decree as “a homestead estate in fee "simple to the extent in value of $1000,” belonged to appellant, but this is not such a homestead estate for which counsel for appellant contend. Even if it were the fact that Ruth M. VanPatten had become entitled to a homestead interest in the farm of the kind for which her counsel contend, by reason of her occupying said farm аs a co-tenant or as a “householder having a family” and owning $1000 in value in fee, (which does not appear, however, to be the fact,) that question could not come up on this appeal from the decree of sale, as the decree of рartition did not find that Ruth M. Van-Patten was entitled to a homestead interest of that kind. Clearly, under the facts and the law of this case, prior to August 8, 1912, David VanPatten was a tenant in common with the surviving children of the deceased wife, Julia. At his death David VanPatten had no title to any оf said real estate to which a homestead could attach. (Roberson v. Tippie, 209 Ill. 38; Merritt v. Merritt, 97 id. 243; Rock v. Haas, 100 id. 528.) It is clear, therefore, that at the date of the decree of partition appellant had no homestead estate or life estatе in the premises in question as the surviving spouse of David VanPatten. Whatever interest she had in the premises came to her by the deed from Ella Talbot and husband conveying the former interest of the late David VanPatten. This was an undivided interest, which the decree of the lower court found .included a homestead in fee of the value of $1000. This interest or estate was somewhat similar to that referred to in Betz v. Barling, 274 Ill. 107, where it is said (p. 114) : “It is also contended that there could be no sale of the life estate of Rebecca Lowden Scholes without her consent, which was not given. Section 32 of the Partition act provides that in case of sale the court may, with the consent in writing, filed in the court, of the person having such an estate, sell it with the rest. That section evidently .applies to a case where one has a life estate in the whole or some definite part of the premises, so that there can be no unity of possession until the death of the life tenant. If otherwise interpreted, the section would enable any party having an undivided ‍​‌​‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‍interest to рrevent a sale by the grant of a life estate and deprive the owner of another undivided interest of all remedy. * * * The parties were tenants in common of their estates in possession, and under the statute the complainants had a right to partition, and in case the premises could not be divided without manifest prejudice to the parties in interest, to have the same sold and the proceeds divided. * * * As section 32 does not apply where the life tenant is a co-tenant with a complainant having a present vested interest, the written consent of Rebecca Lowden Scholes was not necessary.” See, also, Marshall v. Marshall, 252 Ill. 568, and Hertz v. Buchanan, 177 id. 553.

The doctrine laid down in these authorities must control here, and when the land is sold under this decree $1000 must be paid to appellant, Ruth M. VanPatten, for her “homestead estate in' fee” of that value, as found by the decree. That is the construction to be placed on the decree of partition as to Ruth M. VanPatten’s homestead interest, and, as already stated, the decree in partition cannot be changed on an appeal from the decree of sale.

Counsel for appellant further insist that on the evidence in this record the court erred in sustaining the commissioners’ report that the land was not susceptible of division. They argue that thе law is that between a sale and a division in kind the court will favor a division, and will not, as a rule, order a sale unless it appears that a division is impossible or more injurious to the interests of the parties than a sale would be, citing 21 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 1199, Donaldson v. Duncan, 199 Ill. 167, and Kloss v. Wylezalek, 207 id. 328. Appellant introduсed four witnesses, who testified, in substance, that the land could be partitioned without serious injury to the interests of any party, while five witnesses testified for appellee that the land was not of uniform value; that the forty acres upon which the buildings and orchard are loсated, which includes lake frontage on Cedar Lake and was the part that would naturally be sét off as a homestead, was much more valuable than the remainder, and that the remainder could not be sold separately without ‍​‌​‌​​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​​​‌​​​​‌‌‌‌​​‌‍great prejudice to such remаining property. The commissioners appointed to partition the land reported to the same effect. While we agree with the contention of counsel for appellant as to the law that should govern on the question whether the property should be sold or subdivided or partitioned, this is very largely a question of fact in this case, and we cannot say on this record that the court improperly held that the property could not be partitioned without manifest prejudice to the interests of the various parties interested in the proceeding.

In this connection counsel for appellant also argue that the report of the commissioners did not state, in specific terms, whether appellant’s interests, alone, could be set off to her without manifest injury to thе other co-tenants. We think counsel are in error in this regard. The report of the commissioners stated “that the said premises, and each piece or parcel thereof, are not susceptible of division without manifest prejudice to the parties in interest.” There is no merit in the contention of counsel for appellant on this point.

The decree of the circuit court will be affirmed.

Decree affirmed.