delivered the opinion of the court.
Plaintiff in error, hereinafter referred to as defendant, was sentenced to the penitentiary for a term of two to three years on a verdict оf guilty of embezzlement. To review that judgment he prosecutes this writ.
Defendant was county judge and ex officio clerk of the *209 county cоurt of Rio Grande county. As such- he was indicted for having appropriatеd to his own use $2072.80 belonging to the county. His salary was fixed by section 2569, R. S. 1908 (L. 1899, p. 333, § 5), which provided that it should be paid quarterly out of the fees of the office aсtually collected, and not otherwise, and should be his only compensаtion. The county court, however, had jurisdiction in probate matters and the principal defense was that the money was honestly appropriated by defendant under a claim of right made in good faith and based upоn section 1496, R. S. 1908 (L. 1889, p. 104, § 1). That such claim was erroneous is undisputed in the instant case. Had said section 1496 been applicable, defendant would have been entitled thereunder to an additional $500.00 per annum, provided the probate fees earned and collected amounted to that sum.
Certain reports made by public examiners from the office of the auditor of state (filed in the office of the county clerk and identified by him) covering thе accounts in question were introduced in evidence over the objеction of defendant. The examiners who made these reports were not called. The reports were mere ex parte statements оf opinion, and were clearly inadmissible.
Defendant testified in his own behalf and asserted the good faith of the claim under which he had retained the funds in quеstion. There was also evidence that he had consulted with the district attorney, the county attorney, private counsel and the state auditor, and had been advised by each that his position was correct.
Instruction Nо. 8, given by the court, reads as follows: “The court instructs the jury that when an act fоrbidden by law is intentionally done the intent to do the act is the criminal intent which imparts to it the character of the offense, and no one, who violates a law which he is conclusively presumed to know, can be heard tо say that he had no criminal intent in doing it.”
That may be a correct statement of the law of criminal intent, as applied to some offenses, and it may be without
*210
error when applied to embezzlement, depending upon the facts of the particular case.
State v. Silva,
Each of the foregoing was аn embezzlement case and in each the defense attempted wаs an intent to- return the property embezzled. As the ability to do so, however, depended upon the success of certain speculations, the claim amounted to nothing more than an admission of the theft of a horsе coupled with an intent to return the animal if at some future time the thief did not need him. It was merely in the nature of a demurrer to the evidence.
An unlawful and unеxplained conversion will support an inference of felonious intent, but an unlawful conversion alone is never conclusive as against the defense of good faith, supported by evidence of an honest claim of right. Applied to the evidence in the instant case instruction No. 8 was аn absolute bar to the defense of good faith. It avails nothing that it was cоrrected by another instruction. The two were irreconcilable and аs it is impossible to tell which the jury followed and impossible to say what the verdiсt would or should have been but for the error, a reversal is imperative.
Bershenyi v. People,
Wе are unable to agree with counsel for defendant that upon a proper construction of the law of the case there is no evidence to go to' a jury.
The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded for a new trial.
Mr. Justice Allen, sitting as chief justice, and Mr. Justice Campbell concur.