-delivered the opinion of the court.
.. -Thе basic proposition in this case, and most of its subsidiary considerations, are the same as in- No. 134, ante, 339. It was argued at the same time as the latter case,. and, as in that case, it is to recover amounts withheld by the accounting officers of thé Government .as land-grant deductions in settlements for transportation" óf the personal effects of Army officers..
It is asserted, however, that this , action differs from No. 134' in that the Western Pacific Railroad was not completed and in operation until 1910 so that.it is said “there is absent the element of previous course of dealings relied upon by the Government, and' in that there was introduced in evidence” testimony to the effect that the first voucher -presented for transportation service was fоr full tariff rates.-
It js stated in the findings that the real claimants in the case áre the receivers of the railroad but that its name is used tо .designate claimants for convenience, ánd that between June 10, 1910, and March 18, 1915, the railroad, at the request of the United Stаtes as shipper or consignor, received from other railroad companies at connecting points, on gоvernment bills of lading, and transported over its lines, the effects and, property of officers of the United States - Army, changing stations under orders.
It further appears that from June 10, 1910, to March 18, 1915, the presentation of claims, character of vouсhers accompanying the same, action thereon by the accounting officers of the Government, payment аnd receipt, were the same as in No‘.'-134, except, it is found, that “settlements for charges on freight shipments on Government bills оf lading were in charge of one David A. McLean, head of the freight revising bureau in the office of the general auditor *354 оf the plaintiff [appellant] at San Francisco.” And it is found “it was the practice of said McLean to revise the bills of lаding and apply the rates applicable on the traffic at commercial rates, make the land-grant deduction and compute the freight charges at the net rate. After a month’s bills of lading had been revised it was his practice to сheck up with the quartermaster’s office and adjust differences, where there were any differences, as to the correct charges. He then caused the claims to be stated on the prescribed voucher form and after being signed thеy, with the bills of lading attached, were forwarded to the quartermaster for payment. It appears that to the best reсollection of said McLean he stated the first of these claims, during this period, at commercial rates, but being informed by thе quartermaster’s office,.of the applicability of land-grant rates under the holding of the Comptroller and the established practice he restated the claim on a land-grant basis. • It further appears that-he had just come to the service of the plantiff; that he had had no experience in the rendering of bills for Government transportation; that as soоn as he learned the custom with reference thereto he rendered bills for transportation of the charactеr here involved at land-grant rates and continued to do so during all of said period. The rendering of the bill referred to at commercial rates, if in fact he so , rendered, it, was due to his ignorance of established practice and not because of any intention to question the propriety of the practice or to claim as a matter of right the aрplication of commercial rates. It is not shown that at any time during this entire period he ever questioned the apрlication of land-grant rates to such transportation 'Or protested any settlements on that account, but all bills renderеd by him, except as stated, were renderecLat land-grant rates, and when so rendered he did not expect any further' сompensation and never expected compensation at other than land-grant rates until after the decisiоn *355 of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Case by this court.” 1
It is further found that “the difference between the amounts claimed by the plaintiff and paid on account of said transpоrtation during said period and the amount it would have received had it claimed and been paid full commercial rates without land-grant deduction is $5,760.89.” The rulings of the accounting officers are detailed in the findings.
From March 18,1915, to August 1,1916, it is found that appellаnt was entitled “to payment ... at the regular published tariff rates applicable.” . The government accounting officеrs, notwithstanding, “issued warrants for net amounts after making land-grant deductions.” Against this appellant protested. The amounts deducted amounted to $851.78.
The conclusion of the court was, and its decision was, that appellant was entitled to judgment for the sum оf $851.78 and that as to the other amounts its petition should be dismissed. For this the court gave as authority its decision in Denver & Rio Grande R. R. Co. v. United States, decided on the same day, 54 Ct. Clms. 125.
The opinion in the latter case is set out in the record at page 16.
The argument in this case is the same as in No. 134, and rests on the same cоnsiderations. This case, as we have seen, was decided on the authority of Denver & Rio Grande R. R. Co. v. United States, 54 Ct. Clms. 125, and the latter on Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Co. v. United States, 52 Ct. Clms. 468 and 534.
A contention, however, is made that was not made in No. 134, that is, that “under the Interstate Commerce Law the final carrier [appellant was final carrier of the. transportation with which this case is concerned] is not *356 only empowered to collect the through charge, but is burdened with the duty and obligation of collecting the full published tariff rate and is powerless to relieve or release a shippér оr consignee from any part of the same.”
.The further'contention.is that within this obligation is the property in the pending case. The immediate answer is that § 22 of the Interstate Commerce' Act permits reduced rates to the United States, and that by Conference Ruling'of the Interstate Commerce Commission No. 33 of February 3, 1908, § 22 is made applicable to property transported for the United States. The transportation iii the present case was for the Government, and in providing for it and paying for it the Government performed a governmental-service.
Judgment affirmed,.
Notes
50 Ct. Clms. 412.