Opinion by
Lawrence and Maria Wellisch seek reversal of summary judgment in favor of the United Services Automobile Association (“USAA”) on the Wellisehes’ Texas Insurance Code article 21.55 claim, breach of duty of good faith and fair dealing claims, and mental anguish claims. We affirm.
BACKGROUND
Judith Salinas was driving her car at about eighty-eight miles per hour when she lost control of the vehicle. The car rolled over, killing Salinas and her son and severely injuring other passengers, including fifteen-year-old Jessica Wellisch. Jessica was in a coma for five days before she died. Salinas carried insurance under two policies, for a total of at least $2.5 million. The Wellisehes sued Salinas’ estate, and, with USAA’s permission, settled for $1 million. The Wellisehes then sought to recover under their USAA uninsured/under-insured motorist (“UIM”) coverage, the recovery limits of which were $300,000. On November 25, 1998, USAA denied the claim, and the Wellisehes sued.
The trial court ordered separate trials on the Wellisehes’ contractual and extra-contractual claims. Before trial on their contractual claims, the Wellisehes obtained partial summary judgment, establishing that Salinas’ negligence caused the accident. A jury trial on damages followed, with a verdict favorable to the Wellisehes *56 in the amount of $6 million. On May 2, 2000, the trial court entered the judgment; on that same day, USAA paid the Wel-lisches their policy limits of $300,000. No appeal from that judgment ensued.
The Wellisches then proceeded on their extracontractual claims against USAA. The Wellisches moved for partial summary judgment on their claim for statutory damages under Insurance Code article 21.55. USAA filed various motions for partial summary judgment on all the claims asserted by the Wellisches. The trial court denied the Wellisches’ motion for partial summary judgment, and granted USAA’s motions. The trial court entered final judgment in USAA’s favor, and the Wel-lisches appealed.
INSURANCE CODE ARTICLE 21.55 PENALTIES
The Wellisches assert that USAA’s denial of their claim on November 25,1998 was a violation of Texas Insurance Code article 21.55’s prompt payment provisions, resulting in Article 21.55, section 6 penalties. USAA argues that because May 2, 2000 was the first date on which the Wel-lisches became legally entitled to their UIM policy benefits and it paid the claim on that date, it is not liable for Article 21.55 penalties.
The UIM policy provides that USAA will “pay all damages which a covered person is legally entitled to recover from the owner or operator of an uninsured motor vehicle because of bodily injury sustained by a covered person....” The policy defines uninsured motor vehicle .to mean a land motor or trailer of any type,
4. "Which is an underinsured motor vehicle. An underinsured motor vehicle is one to which a liability bond or policy applies at the time of the accident but its limit of liability either:
a. is not enough to pay the full amount the covered person is legally entitled to recover as damages; or
b. has been reduced by payment of claims for an amount which is not enough to pay the full amount the covered person is legally entitled to recover as damages.
Various courts have construed the phrase “legally entitled to recover” in similar UIM policies to mean that the insured must establish the uninsured motorist’s fault and the extent of the resulting damages before becoming entitled to recover UIM benefits.
See Henson v. Southern Farm Bureau Cas. Ins. Co.,
The policies provided that the insurers will pay damages that a covered person is legally entitled to recover from an uninsured/underinsured motorist.
When the jury found Contreras at fault for the accident and found Henson damaged by her negligence, Henson became legally entitled to recover from her. And because the damages exceeded Contreras’ liability policy limits, Henson became entitled to the uninsured/under-insured motorist policy benefits, up to the policy limits. By the terms of the policies, no obligation to pay the claim existed until the jury established Contreras’ liability. And the insurers paid the claim promptly after the jury made its findings. Because no contractual duty was breached, Henson had no right to *57 receive the benefits earlier than he in fact received them. Therefore no compensation is due for lost use of the funds. Thus Henson is not entitled to prejudgment interest on top of the benefits he is otherwise entitled to receive from the insurers.
The above cases make clear that an insurer is not obligated to pay UIM benefits until the insured becomes legally entitled to those benefits. This will generally require a settlement with the tortfeasor or a judicial determination following trial on the issue of the tortfeasor’s liability. Thus, an insurer has the right to withhold payment of UIM benefits until the insured’s legal entitlement is established.
Insurance Code article 21.55 establishes procedures for the prompt payment of insurance claims. If an insurer delays payment of a claim following its receipt of all items, statements, and forms reasonably requested and required for a period exceeding the period specified in other applicable statutes or, in the absence of any other specified period, for more than sixty days, the insurer shall pay damages and other items as provided for in Section 6. Tex. Ins.Code Ann. art. 21.55, § 3(f) (Vernon Supp.2001). Section 6 provides that in all cases where a claim is made pursuant to an insurance policy and the hable insurer does not comply with Article 21.55’s requirements, the insurer must pay the insured, in addition to the amount of the claim, 18% of the claim as damages, plus reasonable attorney’s fees. Id. § 6.
2
The plain objective of the statute is to obtain prompt payment of claims, and we, as a court, must liberally construe the statute to promote its underlying purposes.
Id
§ 8. Article 21.55 “is simple and its language unambiguous.”
Northwestern Nat’l County Mut. Ins. Co. v. Rodriguez,
Nothing in Article 21.55 suggests that an insurance company cannot dispute and deny a claim. In fact, the statute is premised on the presumption that carriers have the right to dispute claims.
Dunn,
The Wellisches assert that USAA’s wrongful denial of their claim entitled them to Article 21.55 penalties.
3
The Wel-
*58
lisches rely on a line of cases that hold an insurer who denies a claim risks incurring Article 21.55 penalties, even if that denial is made in good faith.
See Cater v. United Serv. Auto. Ass’n,
In each of the above cases, the insurance companies’ liability arose at the time of the covered event; therefore, the courts determined there was a “delay” in payment following the covered event.
See Cater,
DAMAGES
The Wellisches alleged causes of action for breach of the common law duty of good faith and fair dealing; violations of Insurance Code articles 21.21, section 4(10)(ii), (iv), and (viii); and Insurance Code article 21.21-2, section 2(b)(4), (5). In addition to damages provided under the Insurance Code, the Wellisches asserted they were entitled to damages under Business and Commerce Code sections 17.50(a)(3)(4), 17.50(b)(1), and 17.50(d). The Wellisches’ claims are premised on their assertion that USAA unreasonably denied their claim because there was no reasonable investigation into the claim.
*59 USAA filed motions for summary judgment on these claims, and on the ground that the Wellisches did not suffer economic damages as a result of its actions because they were awarded the $300,000 UIM policy limits. On appeal, the Wellisches do not challenge the summary judgment in favor of USAA on economic damages; instead, they challenge the summary judgment on only their mental anguish damages.
To recover mental anguish damages, plaintiffs must introduce direct evidence of the nature, duration, and severity of the mental anguish, thus establishing a substantial disruption in their daily routine.
Universe Life Ins. Co. v. Giles,
To recover damages under either the common law or the Insurance Code and DTPA, the violations must be a “producing cause” of the insured’s damages.
See Castaneda,
Mr. Welliseh testified that he had been taking medication for panic disorder for about fifteen years. He sought counseling for a brief time after Jessica’s death, but was not currently under the care of a psychiatrist, psychologist, or counselor. He thinks about the loss of Jessica every day. As to the dispute with USAA, he said there was nothing he and his wife were unable to do because they had not yet received the $300,000 from USAA. He said it has been an “extraordinary mental drill” because he and his family had a contract with USAA that it failed to honor, he thinks USAA considers Jessica’s life worthless, and he wonders what he ever did to USAA to warrant “that kind of consideration.” He said there has been a lack of information detailing why USAA denied their claim, and the “silence from USAA has been deafening.” He stated, “It makes you wonder when you hear that other children that were involved in this accident that survived made [UIM] claims similar to our claim and in fact they were awarded the appropriate monies. It’s extraordinarily hurtful, it’s extraordinarily confusing, you might say it even drives one crazy to wonder why USAA would deny us when our daughter died.” He said this has caused him a great deal of anguish, pain, confusion, frustration, and embarrassment. He also was hurt that USAA *60 wrote about Jessica in their magazine and then treated him and his wife in such a “confusing” manner. He thinks about the claim every day, and this has been distracting because “you never get to go on with your life ... it saps a great deal of emotional energy from you.” Although he has not missed any work, he felt he was a less effective person. He felt abandoned by USAA, and he thinks USAA put him and his family through “a horrible process.”
Mrs. Welliseh said she was under a doctor’s care for angina, and she has been on medication for depression and anxiety since Jessica’s death. She cpuld not separate her physical malady over Jessica’s death from the dispute with USAA, but she felt the dispute was part of her condition. She no longer trusts USAA, it was painful to sue USAA, she felt defensive, and she felt anxiety about being in court before jurors. She felt “injustice ... in the courtroom the day .[USAA’s attorney] picked up my daughter’s pictures and dropped them on the table. It was as good as dropping Jessie.” With regard to both her daughter’s death and the dispute with USAA, she felt like “the guy who gets his legs run over by a train and somebody says, Did it hurt? How bad did it hurt? Tell me how bad that hurt? ... How does somebody tell you how it hurts? How does somebody explain anger?” She felt “grievously disappointed” and “assaulted.” She was humiliated that her Mends had to be witnesses at the trial, and USAA slowed down the grief process for her. She said going to court put pressure on her family, and during and after trial, she spoke to a counselor about her anxiety and frustration.
The Wellisches’ testimony raises the possibility that their mental anguish stemmed from the denial of their claim, but not from USAA’s failure to properly investigate the claim.
See Castaneda,
CONCLUSION
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
Notes
. To prevail Section 6, the insured must establish (1) a claim under an insurance policy (2) for which the insurer is liable and (3) that the insurer has not followed one or more sections of Article 21.55 with respect to the claim.
Allstate Ins. Co. v. Bonner,
. The USAA letter to the Wellisches denying their claim stated,
*58 Although no sum of money could ever replace Jessica, we believe the elements of damage for Wrongful Death of an uneman-cipated minor under Texas law do not support payment of monies in excess of $1,000,000.00 you represent has been paid by the tortfeasor's insurers. Therefore, we respectfully deny your demand for the $300,000.00 policy limit of the UIM Coverage, as we do not believe the tortfeasor was underinsured for this unfortunate accident.