68 N.J. Eq. 659 | N.J. | 1905
The opinion of the court was delivered by
The appellants are attorneys-at-law, practicing as partners. They allege by their bill that they were employed by one John Meffert to prosecute an action at law against tire respondent to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by him through its negligence while he was a passenger on one of its cars; that Meffert entered into a written contract with them whereby he agreed to pay them fifty per cent, of all he might recover from the respondent, either by suit, .settlement or otherwise, as damages for such injuries, and assigned to them by the same writing fifty per cent, of any and all sums that might be so recovered therefor; that upon the making of. the agreement and assignment they caused a written notice to be served upon tire respondent apprising it of such agreement and assignment. They further allege that, pursuant to the agreement, they commenced an action at law in the supreme court of New Jersey, in the name of Meffert, against the respondent, and that after the action was on the calendar for trial, the respondent, with full knowledge of the agreement between them and Meffert and of
To this bill the respondent demurred for want of equity, and ■after hearing the bill was dismissed.
The sole contention of the appellants, both in the-court of' chancery and before us, is that by the written retainers and assignments of persons having claims against the respondent company for personal injuries, and by timely notice thereof to the company, they became in equity assignees of the proportionate parts of any sums which such injured persons should thereafter receive from the respondent company, either by a composition between them ox by recovery and judgment in actions at law, and that a trust thereupon arose binding the respondent and making it accountable in equity to them for their proportionate parts thereof. In our opinion, this contention is unsound in principle. As was said by the court of appeals in New York, in Coughlin v. New York Central, &c., Railroad Co., 71 N. Y. 450, the agreements set out in the bill do not purport to give the attorneys any present interest in the cause of action. They are simply executory agreements that the attorneys shall share in the damages recovered, the causes of action remaining intact in the respective plaintiffs. The attorneys have neither a legal nor equitable interest by way of assignment or lien on the causes of action.
That this is the general rule is not disputed by the appellants, but it is insisted on their behalf that since the enactment of the fourth and fifth sections of the statute concerning executors and the administration of intestates’ estates in 1855 (2 Gen. Stat. p. 1426), which preserve to the executor of administrator of a decedent a right of action for a trespass to the person of the latter, occurring during his lifetime, the rule in this regard has been abrogated, the argument being that a right of action which survives to the personal' representatives of a deceased is necessarily assignable by him during his lifetime. We do not think that the statute appealed to has this effect’. It does not attempt to change the character of those rights of action, to transpose them into property rights, and thereby render them assignable to third persons during the lifetime of the party injured; it merely provides that, although not property rights, and therefore not assignable, they shall nevertheless survive to the personal representatives of the injured person for the benefit of his estate.
The question of the assignability of claims of this character has frequently received consideration by the courts of our sister states, and although in some jurisdictions their assignability has been affirmed, the weight of authority will be found to support the contrary view. A very full collation of the eases on this subject will be found in the foot-notes to the article “Assignment s,” in 2 Am. & Eng. Encycl. L. (2d ed.) 1021-1023, and in 4. Cyc.
The only other question which the case presents is the effect of the provision set out in the bill binding the several claimants therein mentioned not to settle or compromise their claims against the respondents except with the consent of the appellants.
It is universally considered that the interests of justice are best subserved by allowing parties to litigation full liberty to compromise and settle it at any time during its pendency, without interference by third persons, when the whole legal and equitable title to the cause of action rests in the plaintiff and the sole responsibility to answer to the plaintiff’s claim rests upon the defendant. In such a situation an agreement by the plaintiff with his attorney not to settle or compromise the litigation without the consent of the latter may well be considered to be opposed to sound public policy. Whether it is absolutely void, it is not necessary now to consider. Even if it is binding between the plaintiff and his attorney, the defendant is under no obligation to observe it; such an agreement cannot deprive him of his right to compromise with his adversary, provided the compromise is made in good faith and without any attempt to defraiid the attorney.
The decree appealed from should be affirmed.