197 Mass. 556 | Mass. | 1908
The petitioner is the owner of a house, on Bay State Road, in Boston, which is equipped with wires for lighting by electricity, and connections with the electric wires of the respondent in the second suit, and also with those formerly of the Brookline Gas Company which are now owned and controlled by its successor, the Boston Consolidated Gas Company. Electricity for lighting the house was formerly furnished by this respondent, but in the year 1902 an arrangement was made between the respondent and the Brookline Gas Company, whereby the latter company became the purchaser of the respondent’s conduits and wires and undertook to do all the business of electric lighting on the westerly side of a line running from the Charles River through Deerfield Street, Brookline Avenue and Chelsea Street to the Muddy River, and the respondent became the owner of the conduits and wires of the Brookline Gas Company and undertook to do the business of electric lighting on the
The petitioner filed with the board of gas and electric light commissioners a petition, under the R. L. c. 121, § 33, as amended by the St. 1903, c. 164, for an order that the respondent be directed and required to supply him with electric light at his house, upon such terms and conditions as might be found legal and reasonable after a hearing. This petition was dismissed by the board, in the exercise of its discretion. The first of the cases before us is a petition for a writ of certiorari to obtain a reversal of this order.
The second case is a petition for a writ of mandamus to command the respondent to restore its service to the petitioner upon such terms as may be legal and reasonable.
The respondent is a corporation, organized to exercise a public franchise of importance to the community in which it conducts its business. It is its duty to exercise this franchise for the benefit of the public, with a reasonable regard for the rights of individuals who desire to be served, and without discrimination between them. It cannot relieve itself from this duty so long as it retains its charter. It enjoys public rights in the streets, which are derived from the Commonwealth, through action of the board of aldermen under authority of the Legislature. • It is a quasi public corporation, and as such it owes duties to the public. New Orleans Gas Co. v. Louisiana Light Co. 115 U. S. 650. Coy v. Indianapolis Gas Co. 146 Ind. 655, 659. Williams
Without legislative authority it cannot sell its property and franchise to another party, in such a-way as to take away its power to perform its public duties. Central Transportation Co. v. Pullman’s Palace Gas Co. 139 U. S. 24, and cases cited. Brunswick Gas Light Co. v. United Gas, Fuel & Light Co. 85 Maine, 532. Gibbs v. Baltimore Gas Co. 130 U. S. 396. Thomas v. Railroad Co. 101 U. S. 71, 83. Chicago Gas Light Co. v. People’s Gas Light Co. 121 Ill. 530. South Chicago Railway v. Calumet Street Railway, 171 Ill. 391. State v. Hartford & New Haven Railroad, 29 Conn. 538.
The fundamental principles, relied on by the petitioner as applicable to corporations of this general class, are well established. But the laws of this Commonwealth in regard to gas and electric lighting companies and the facts of this case give rise to considerations very different from those which induced the decisions in many of the cases above cited. In the first place, in reference to this department of public service, we have adopted, in this State, legislative regulation and control as our reliance against the evil effects of monopoly, rather than competitive action between two or more corporations, where such competition will greatly increase the aggregate cost of supplying the needs of the public, and perhaps cause other serious inconveniences. Under the R. L. c. 121, §§ 1, 5, 6, 8, 14, 15, 26, 34 and 35, the board of gas and electric light commissioners are given supervision and control over all companies .furnishing gas or electricity to the public for lighting, and, among other tilings, they may order, under § 34, any reduction in the price of gas or electric light, or improvement in the quality thereof. Under §§ 8 and 9 the courts have jurisdiction to enforce all lawful orders of the board, and all provisions of law relative to such companies. The State, through the regularly constituted authorities, has taken complete control of these corporations so far as is necessary to prevent the abuses of monopoly. Our statutes are founded on the assumption that, to have two or more competing companies running lines of gas pipe and conduits for electric wires through the same street would often greatly increase the necessary cost of furnish
The answer to the petition for a writ of certiorari sets forth the decision of the board upon the original petition, as it appears of record. This answer must be taken as true. The board has found that this portion of Boston, which was formerly Brook-line, is at present, in large part, undeveloped, and is destined to an extensive development in the near future, and is to be an important territory for the sale of electricity. After referring to the fact that a tentative understanding between two companies, having equal rights and substantially equal facilities, relative to a division of the undeveloped territory in making future extensions of their systems, would be in harmony with the established legislative policy of the Commonwealth in regard to gas and electric companies, the board says: “ A careful consideration of all the circumstances of the case does not disclose any public interest requiring an order in favor of the petitioner, and does suggest on the other hand some positive disadvantages to the public interest if such order is made. While these disadvantages may not seem serious at the present time, their importance will become more and more apparent as the territory is developed.”
The petitioner is seeking the enforcement of an alleged public right. His private interest is not independent of the rights of the public, but he claims only through the public, and as one of the citizens who are to be served by the respondent. See Brewster v. Sherman, 195 Mass. 222. The facts show that he has suffered nothing in the sufficiency or quality of the service, or the price charged for it. So far as appears, he is not likely to suffer in the future. Indeed, the statutes above referred to are intended to give him perfect protection.
We come, therefore, to the question whether, under our laws, an electric light or gas company, having a franchise covering a city or town in which another company has a like franchise,
We do not think it fatal to the defence that the arrangement before us includes, with the undeveloped territory into which electric lighting is expected to be extended, a street or streets in which both companies had run wires previously. The same principle applies in both cases. In neither are consumers left at the mercy of a monopoly.
The principal reasons which moved the courts to their decisions in Portland Natural Gas Co. v. State, 135 Ind. 54, in Brunswick Gas Light Co. v. United Gas, Fuel & Light Co. 85 Maine, 532, and in some of the other cases above cited, are entirely wanting in the present case.
In Commonwealth v. Fitchburg Railroad, 12 Gray, 180, and in People v. Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad, 103 N. Y. 95, a railroad corporation was allowed to discontinue á! part of the public service that previously had been rendered under its franchise. It was justified on the ground that the public interest did not longer require the service. The principle which lies at the foundation of these decisions is equally applicable to the
In each case the entry must be
Petition dismissed.
Both cases were reported and reserved by Braley, J., for determination by the full court.