23 S.D. 367 | S.D. | 1909
This cause was tried before the court without a jury. The court made and filed its findings of facts and conclusions of law herein, and entered judgment in conformity with said conclusion's. The cause comes before this court upon an appeal from such judgment and from an order denying a new trial herein.
Upon the trial of this cause the defendants, appellants in this court, asked the trial court to make findings and conclusions in their favor, which findings and conclusions were refused. ‘The appellants specified as error both the making of certain findings as found by the court, the refuáal to make findings as requested by them, the making of oonclusions favorable to the respondents, and the refusing of those asked for favorable to the appellants. Appellants in their specifications of errors call attention particularly to the points wherein they claim the evidence is insufficient to support certain findings, and also specify certain rulings of the court upon the trial which they claim were erroneous; but in their brief they have not called attention to such insufficiency of evidence or errors, so that, under the record as it comes before us, we are only called upon' to consider whether the findings-of fact support the relief granted by the judgment. We would say, however, that, after careful reading of the abstract herein, we are satisfied that the evidence fully sustains all the findings of fact necessary to support the judgment.
It is difficult for us to determine from the complaint just the nature of action which the respondents sought to- bring: Whether to rescind the contract and recover the money paid thereon, or to recover the money paid on. a contract which respondents claimed to have been theretofore rescinded, or to recover money paid on a con
The findings of the court, so far as we consider the same material, were, in substance, as follows:
May 23, 1903, C. A. Sanford and the appellants entered into a contract in words and figures as follows: “May 23, 1903. Received from C. A. Sanford, of Beresford, S. D., $1,000 in earnest money and as part payment for the purchase of the following described property situated in the county of Hand and state of South Dakota, viz., S. W. % and S. )4 of N. W. J/\. and N. E. J4 of N. W. section 27, S. J4 of N. and S. y& of section 28, S. E. J4 of N. E. Jd and N. W. J* of S. E. % and E. of S. E-yi, section 29, N. E. %. of N. E. of section 32, and W. yí of E. J4, section 33, in all fourteen hundred and forty (1,440) acres, township one hundred and twelve (112) range seventy (70), which we have this day sold and agreed to convey to said C. A. Sanford for the sum of fourteen thousand two hundred dollars ($14,200) on terms as follows, viz.: One thousand dollars ($1,000) in hand paid as above and six thousand two hundred dollars ($6,200) on delivery of warranty deed. Balance as follows: $3,500 in 1906, $3,500 in 1908, with interest on deferred payments at 6 per cent, from date, payable annually — payable on or before the dates named above, or as soon thereafter as a warranty deed conveying a good title to said land is tendered, time being considered of the essence of this contract. And said sale made subject to the approval of the owner of said land. Should he disapprove of the sale, then, in that case, funds to be returned and Eeyson Bros, released from any liability. And it is agreed that if the title to said premises is
On July xi, 1903, said Sanford died leaving as heirs the parties who are plaintiffs and respondents herein, with exception of Weitzel, who was duly appointed administrator of the Sanford estate. Henry Popel and Frank Popel are the persons whom appellants claim they represented as agents in the making of the above-mentioned contract, and on June 10, 1903, the said Popéis made and executed a warranty deed to C.-* A. Sanford, which deed described most of the land mentioned in said contract, omitting, however the S. E. % of the N. E. %. of section 28, township 112, range 70, and including / the following land not described in the contract: The N. W. yi of. the N. W. yi of section 27, township 112, range 70. Appellants at no time have ever had any title to any lof the property described in the contract above mentioned. The Popéis never had any title,to that 40 acres mentioned iñ the contract, and omitted from the deed, Furthermore, they never, even up to the time of this suit, had any marketable, title to the N. E. yi of the N. E. of section 32, the W. ¿4,of the N. W. % of section 33 and the S. E. yi of N. W. % of section 33; the title to this last land appearing on record in a person deceased, whose estate had never, been probated, and who made no conveyance prior to her death. The Popéis refused to accept the terms qf payment as fixed, by the contract beriyeen the, appellants and respondents, and respondents never agreed to any other terms, and the Popéis
This action was not brought until some time in the year 1905. Upon the trial of this action, as well as in the briefs submitted 011 appeal, great stress seems to be laid, by both parties on the question of the agency of appellants, their authority, if any, to enter into the contract, the rights of the Popéis, under such contract, and the. question of ratification by the Popéis. . We think that a
These parties were selling land to which they held no title. If they are unable to procure the title from the owners, and thus are placed where they could not comply with their agreement to convey, they render themselves liable to suit on such contract. It is clearly to protect against this that they inserted this second paragraph, and its effect is to protect them and terminate the contract, providing the owners should refuse to convey the title to them. We think that, under this paragraph, the appellants could not refuse to convey merely bceause they could not get the land 'of the owners on the same or similar terms as those, they com tracted to sell on.,Furthermore,- we do' not think the evidence justified the court finding''that the o wners did not approve, oí the 'sale. 'The evidence on'this point is the letter above.referred to. *íhis- letter shows that the supposed owners were willing to convey
Respondents insisted that 'the contract entered into was absolutely void, for the reason that appellants had no authority to enter into such contract. It is true that they had no authority, as agents, to enter into such contract; but it is well settled that a person may contract to sell land of which he is not the owner, and that such contract is in every respect valid and binding, providing the purchaser knows that his vendor is not the owner. 29 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law (2d Ed.) 667; Rutland v. Brister, 53 Miss. 683. Under the contract entered into, the appellants covenanted to convey by warranty deed, thus requiring them to procure title in themselves, as a tender of the deed of any other person would not be a compliance with the contract, unless the purchaser had waived his right to deed from his vendor, and in case at bar there was no such waiver. 29 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 610; George v. Conhim, 38 Minn. 338, 37 N. W. 791; Bigler v. Morgan, 77 N. Y. 312; Rudd v. Savelli, 44 Ark. 145; Steiner v. Zwickey, 41 Minn. 448, 43 N. W. 376. In the Arkansas case, speaking of a bond for deed, the court says: “Such a title bond entitles the vendee to a deed with the usual covenants — that means the covenant of the
It will be noticed that no1 time is fixed for the delivery oi the deed, nor for payment of the $6,200, except that such payment should be made upon the delivery of the deed; but such contract provides that time should be considered as of the essence of the contract. There is the further agreement that, unless title can be made good within 90 days from the date the $6,200 payment becomes due, the agreement should be void and the $1,000 refunded. If the contract had provided a date for the delivery of the deed, tlic time for default would be clear, and, time being of the essence of the contract, a right to rescind would accrue immediately upon such default. No time being specified for the delivery of the deed, the appellants had a reasonable time to execute and tender a deed, and during such time they could not be placed in default by a tender of the purchase money. Furthermore, inasmuch as it is clear that it was understood that the title was in the third parties, the appellants were entitled to a reasonable time within which to procure such title before delivering the deed. Section 1266, Rev. Civ. Code; Whiting v. Gray, 27 Fla. 482, 8 South. 726, 11 L. R. A. 526. But time being of the essence of the contract, after a reasonable time ihad elapsesd, the appellants were bound to be ready to convey by proper deed full title of the land. The 'only possible extension they would be entitled to would be that, upon tendering a proper deed, if for any reason their ‘title was defective,
Up to the time that appellants should procure title to such lands, neither Sanford nor his representatives could be in default, and during such time no tender could ever be required from Sanford or the respondents, in order to put .the appellants in default, inasmuch as the appellants would be 'in such default as would entitle the respondents to bring- this action, when thejr failed to procure the title within a reasonable time, or within 90 days after tender by them of warranty deed. After such time the right of rescission would be exactly the same as it would be immediately after a contract was entered into, -in which contract the vendors claimed to be the owners of the land, when in fact they held no title, and under such a contract the vendee has an immediate right of rescission. Wilhelm v. Fimple, 31 Iowa 131, 7 Am. Rep. 117; Runkle v. Johnson, 30 Ill. 328; Gregory v. Christian, 42 Minn. 304, 44 N. W. 202; Burks v. Davies, 85 Cal. 110, 20 Am. St. Rep. 213; 24 Pac. 613; Getty & Peters, 82 Mich. 661; 46 N. W. 1036, 10 L. R. A. 466; 29 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law §§ 621, 653, 666, 726, 727. The above cases are not all cases brought’ to rescind contracts, some of them being actions at law, but the propositions laid down therein support the above. In the case of Goetz v. Walters 34 Minn. 241, 25 N. W. 404, the vendee had made numerous payments when she discovered that the vendor had no title. She brought action to recover the money paid ,and three days after suit was brought the defendant acquired the title. The contention seemed to be as to whether, under the contract in that case, the title had to be good in the vendor when the contract was entered into, or whether it need only bé good when conve)''ance was made, and the court held that it was immaterial which construction was placed, on the contract; that when the vendor, at the time, fixed by the contract for conveyance, was unable to convey, and the vendee should ascertain that' he was unable to convey because he had no title, she could at once avoid the contract without going to the tró'ub'le tó: tender payment' and call on the vendee to convey. In Wilhelm v. Fimple, the court, after stating that, where 'the vendor' has done nothing to render- himself incapable of performing the conti'dct, the
There is yet another feature of this case not to1 be overlooked. The Popéis did not own one 40 acres of the land described in the contract, and did not have .a marketable title to another 160 aereo of the land, and neither they nor appellants have ever secured title to the 40 or perfected the title to the 160. It is quite possible that the nonconveyance of the 40 acres would not release the vendee in a contract involving such a large tract, where there is no showing that this 40 acres had any special value so that compensation could not be made therefor; but referring to the description of the 160 acres, held under title which was, at least, not marketable (which the .trial court found the Popéis had no title to), it will be found that it was so situated as to be a very material part of the tract purchased and essential to its convenient use. The taking out of this land would materially affect the value of what remained. Therefore the respondent, after waiting a reasonable time and finding that even the purported owners of the land in question had no title, or at least no marketable title to a material part thereof, had the undeniable right to rescind the contract.
The appellants contend that, inasmuch as Sanford took possession of the premises, the respondents could not afterwards rescind the contract, at least not without tendering value of the use of such premises while in their possession. They had surrendered possession quite two years before this action was brought, and therefore were not in the position of a party seeking to rescind while in possession. If the appellants were entitled to anything for the use of the premises, and we do not desire to intimate that thev were in view of the fact that title was not in them, they could have counterclaimed for same against the $1,000 'demanded, and the respondents were not obliged to tender the same before bringing a suit. 29 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 614.
Certain other questions are raised upon appeal, mainly going to the rulings of the court upon the admission and rejection of evidence offered and received; but, inasmuch as the evidence in ques
It being therefore clear that whether you consider this action as one brought at law on the theory that the contract had been abandoned or rescinded, or whether you consider the action one seeking the rescission of the contract, the respondents, in either case, are entitled to recover the $1,000; and, if considered as an action to rescind a contract still in existence, they are entitled to cancellation of such contract.
Judgment of the lower court and order denying a new trial are therefore affirmed.