258 Pa. 98 | Pa. | 1917
Opinion by
The plaintiff’s husband died as a result of injuries received while engaged in the service of the defendant company ; the wife sued, alleging negligence, and recovered a verdict upon which judgment was entered. The defendant has appealed.
Frank P. Weinschenk was employed as a dough mixer in defendant’s bread bakery, where he had worked for about eight years prior to January 22, 1912, the date of the accident which caused his death; his duties were performed at night, and the fatality occurred between 4:30 and 5 a. m.; the room wherein he labored was a large apartment on the second floor of his employer’s establishment, about 80 feet long and 45 feet wide; a freight elevator, which ran from the first to the third story, was located in the northwest corner of this room; on the floor in question, the elevator shaft was solidly enclosed
The man just referred to testified for the defendant that he saw Weinschenk fall down the elevator shaft under circumstances which, if believed, convicted the latter of clear contributory negligence; but Thomas McCormick, a witness called on behalf of plaintiff, in rebuttal, testified that Jacobs, from the spot where he was standing, could not have seen Weinschenk fall, and the court below left the question of the credibility of these witnesses to the jury, saying as to Jacobs, “If you believe him......, your verdict should be for the defendant.” ■ After this, however, the trial judge pointedly referred to the value of cross-examination, and strongly intimated that he entertained a grave doubt concerning the veracity of the witness in question, ending his instructions by the statement: “I do not pass any opinion as to the truth or falsity of his testimony; it is for you,
We must assume from the verdict rendered that the jury did not give credence to the testimony depended upon by defendant, but accepted the theory of the plaintiff that the accident happened as a result of the combined negligence of the former and its engineer, Jacobs. True, according to this theory, there was no eye witness to the accident; but that situation is present in many cases where verdicts for the plaintiff have been affirmed, among others: Philadelphia & Reading R. R. Co. v. Huber et al., 128 Pa. 63; Henderson v. Continental Refining Co., 219 Pa. 384; Millum v. Lehigh & Wilkes-Barre Coal Co., 225 Pa. 214; Tucker v. Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Ry. Co., 227 Pa. 66; Mc-Manamon v. Hanover Twp., 232 Pa. 439; Madden v. Lehigh Valley R. R. Co., 236 Pa. 104; Dannals v. Sylvania Twp., 255 Pa. 156.
If Jacobs left the gates on the second floor open, when he moved the elevator, from that level, just prior to Weinschenk’s fall, then we have a case of the former’s carelessness combined with the negligence of defendant in maintaining a dangerous and unsafe condition at the point of the accident; and such a combination would not defeat plaintiff’s right of recovery: Siever v. Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Ry. Co., 252 Pa. 1; Kaiser v. Flaccus, 138 Pa. 332; Wallace v. Henderson, 211 Pa. 142, 146; Deserant v. Cerillos Coal R. R. Co., 178 U. S. 409, 420. Moreover, if defendant was negligent in maintaining the condition just referred to, since the situation thus created was constantly subject to change, and the dangers, while ever present, were not always imminent, it could not be said as a matter of law that plaintiff’s husband assumed the risks thereof: Valjago v. Carnegie Steel Co., 226 Pa. 514, 519.
Beach v. Hyman, 254 Pa. 131, is largely depended upon by appellant. As that case was tried, it appears that the surrounding conditions presented no special ele
The defendant contends that the court below erred when it admitted in evidence a certain ordinance of councils regulating the construction and maintenance of freight elevators in the City of Philadelphia. So far as the record shows, while the ordinance was allowed in evidence, yet a copy was not physically handed to the jury for use in their deliberations. The attention of the jury was called only to certain parts of the ordinance, namely, those providing that “every freight elevator shall have its hatchway surrounded by vertical enclosures and gates,” and that “all gates must be self-closing, also fitted with a device to prevent them being raised until the platform is at the floor landing.” When these excerpts were read in court, counsel for plaintiff particularly stated: “I desire it noted of'record that I am not asking for the admission of this ordinance to take away from the defendant any right of defense at all, but simply as bearing on the question of negligence; and when I say any defense, I mean specifically the defense of assumption of risk.” Furthermore, in charging the jury, the trial judge stated: “Proof of the violation of an ordinance regulating or relating to conduct alleged to have been negligent is not in itself proof of the negligence
The defendant argues that, since the ordinance under consideration was not specially pleaded, it should not have been accepted in evidence at all. If plaintiff, were depending upon a violation of the ordinance, as the substance of her case, there would be force in this position; but she does not so depend. The violation of defendant's duty to observe due care in relation to the elevator gates would give rise to an action for negligence on common law principles, without regard to the terms of the ordinance, and the present suit was instituted and tried upon this theory; but the ordinance points out what the municipality conceives to be due care in that respect; hence its relevancy... As previously stated, when the trial judge submitted this ordinance to the jury, he took care to say that it was evidence only of an expression of municipal opinion appropriate to the facts in the case as presented by the plaintiff. The latter produced evidence to prove the facts hereinbefore indicated, and the question of their existence or non-existence was submitted to the jury; on these facts, she contended that, under surrounding conditions, it was negligence for defendant to maintain .and permit the operation of this freight elevator with a defective gate, particularly when no attendant was in charge of the car. Since the inner or guard gate of the eleyator, on the second floor, had carelessly been permitted to become out of order to such an extent that it was, in effect, non-automatic, it may be seen that the ordinance relates, in a measure at
The case at bar was not tried upon the theory of the maintenance of an improper and unsafe implement, but, rather, of an unsafe and dangerous condition of affairs at the place of the accident; hence it was not necessary to plead or prove that the elevator in question was, in fact, more dangerous than those of the kind in general use. Finally, the relevant issues were submitted to the jury without error prejudicial to the defendant; and, considering the age and earning capacity of plaintiff’s decedent, the verdict of $5,616 is not an excessive one for this mother and six children. The former verdict rendered in their favor was $500 more; in all probability, it was set aside to permit a second jury to pass upon the credibility of defendant’s witness, Jacobs, and the present verdict shows that his testimony was rejected a second time. The case is a close one ip several respects; but, on its peculiar facts, we are not convinced it could properly have been taken from the jury, or that the proof was insufficient to support the verdict.
The assignments of error are all'overruled, and the judgment is affirmed.