78 Wis. 89 | Wis. | 1890
1. The learned counsel for defendant maintains that his client is not liable in this action unless he or his servants ran the steam-tug over plaintiff’s net maliciously or wantonly. The jury have negatived the existence of any such malice or wantonness by finding that the injury was without the knowledge or consent of the defendant or his servants navigating the tug. If, therefore, the proposi
We cannot doubt that the plaintiffs might lawfully fish in the waters of Green Bay as of common right, subject only to legislative control, although they have shown no such right by prescription or express grant. See 8 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, 24, 32, and notes. The defendant might also lawfully navigate those waters with his steam-tug, and undoubtedly the right of navigation is paramount to that of fishing. But it does not necessarily result from this that the navigator may carelessly and negligently run his vessel upon the nets of fishermen and destroy them, and escape liability therefor merely because he did not do so maliciously or wantonly. Such a proposition shocks any proper sense of justice. The benefit which the navigator is entitled to claim by reason of his paramount right is, we apprehend, that when the two rights necessarily conflict the inferior must yield to the superior right. But he may not by his own negligence unnecessarily force the two rights into conflict, and then claim the benefit of the paramount right. Thus, he may run his vessel over a net in the night-time when he cannot see it, or in the day-time if he cannot avoid it without interfering with the reasonable prosecution of his voyage, or be driven upon it by stress of weather, and not be liable therefor. But if he runs over the net in broad daylight in a calm sea, when, if he looks, he cannot fail to see it, and seeing, might easily and without prejudice to his voyage avoid it, the rule would be a strange one which would absolve him from liability because he merely failed to look and see the net and was not, therefore, actuated by malice or wantonness.
In support of his contention, counsel for defendant cites Post v. Munn, 4 N. J. Law, 61; and Cobb v. Bennett, 15 Pa. St. 326; also, a statement of the doctrine of those cases in
2. The proofs show that the plaintiffs were taking fish from the pot when the steam-tug ran through the net, but gave no warning, other than that given by their presence there, to those in charge of the tug that the net lay across its path. It. is claimed that this was contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiffs which defeats the action. We cannot say as matter of law that it was such negligence, yet the fact was a proper one to be submitted to the jury on the question of contributory negligence, and the judge did so submit it in his charge. But the question the jury were required to answer did not include that fact. It was whether the plaintiffs were guilty of any negligence which contributed to the injury “ in locating their net at that place and at that time.” The question was prepared by, and submitted at the request of, defendant’s counsel, who neither re
3. A clause in the charge to the jury is claimed to be erroneous. All of the men on board the tug at the time the net was injured were witnesses on the tidal, and each denied knowledge on his part that the tug ran through the net. The question whether it did so was submitted to the jury. In submitting it, the court said: “ The men who were on that tug at the time have all been witnesses, and they deny any knowledge of its going through, and it necessarily follows, it seems to me, that, if the tug did go through, some of these men have either forgotten the circumstance or have wilfully sworn falsely in reference to it.” By this remark the judge expressed the opinion hypothetically, that if the tug went through the net some of the men on board would have knovm it, and from this premise he deduced the very rational conclusion that if the tug did go through the net those men had either forgotten the fact or falsely denied knowledge of it. It seemed to the learned circuit judge quite incredible that the tug could have been navigated through the net in broad daylight, in calm, clear weather, and no person on board of her know the fact. And so it seems to us. Under the circumstances, we are unable to say that the challenged remark of the judge was
4. The special verdict sufficiently covers all material and controverted questions of fact in the case. Hence, it was not error to refuse to submit certain other questions to the jury proposed on behalf of defendant as the basis of a special verdict.
5. There is, included in the judgment, $200 for damages to the plaintiffs’ business resulting from the injury to their net,— that is to say, for loss of the profits of their business during the time necessarily required to restore the net. The net was never restored, and the plaintiffs’ fishing in that vicinity for the remainder of the season was all done with another net located about one half mile south of the injured net. The testimony tends to show that the plaintiffs lifted the pot of their net and took the fish therefrom about every alternate day before the injurythat the profits of each lift were from $40 to $50; and that it would have required about ten days to restore the injured net, had it been restored. ' There was no other testimony introduced bearing upon the question of profits. Hence, the jury necessarily assessed the damages to plaintiffs’ business on the basis of four or five lifts of fish, at a profit of from $40 to $50 each.
There was no testimony as to whether the conditions of successful fishing remained for ten days after the injury as favorable as they were immediately before the same,— none to show that the weather continued favorable during the ten days; that storms did not intervene to interrupt the business; that the fish continued to run over the same ground in equal abundance; that other fishermen operating in the vicinity were equally as successful in their business
But we are of the opinion that prospective profits cannot properly be awarded as damages in this case. The reason ‘ therefor has already been suggested, which is that under any state of the testimony, in view of the character and conditions of the business, the jury could have no sufficient ■ basis for ascertaining such prospective profits. At best, the assessment thereof must necessarily rest largely upon conjecture. This feature of the case brings it within the rule of Bierbach v. Goodyear Rubber Co. 54 Wis. 208, and Anderson v. /Sloane, 72 Wis. 566, and the cases cited in the opinions therein. In the latter case, Mr. Justice Tayloe has pointed out the distinction between that case and those cases in this court in which prospective profits have been allowed as damages. It is unnecessary to repeat the discussion here. It is sometimes quite difficult to determine to which of the above classes a given case belongs, and such determination must be governed largely by the special circumstances of each particular case.
Tbe jury assessed tbe damages to tbe net at $110. This includes not only tbe cost of repairing it, but also tbe value of tbe services of the plaintiffs and tbeir servants in resetting it. We conclude that tbe plaintiffs are entitled to recover no other damages, except tbe value of tbe use of tbe net during tbe time they were necessarily deprived of its use, which was about ten days.
By the Oowrt.— Tbe judgment of tbe circuit court is reversed, and tbe cause will be remanded with directions to award a new trial, or, at tbe option of tbe plaintiffs, to give judgment for them for $110 and interest thereon from tbe ' date of tbe verdict, besides costs.