23 Colo. App. 229 | Colo. Ct. App. | 1913
delivered the opinion of the court.
This was a statutory proceeding by appellee to quiet title to certain lands in Phillips county, Colorado. The complaint was in the usual form, alleging title and possession in plaintiff and adverse claim by the defendants. For answer the defendant, B. M. Webster, (1) denied all allegations of the complaint except his adverse claim to the premises; (2) pleaded as an estoppel, and as an adjudication of the title, a judgment and decree of the county court of Phillips county in his favor, rendered May 8th, 1906, in a suit to quiet title in which he was plaintiff, and J. Fred Munson (and others whose names it is not necessary to mention) were defendants; alleged that notice of the pendency of said action was filed for record in the office of the county clerk and recorder of said county at the time of the commencement of said suit, to-wit, November 23rd, 1905, and that plaintiff in this case has no interest in said premises except as derived .from the said J. Fred Munson; (3) title under a.treasurer’s tax deed. Defendant asked that his own title be quieted. For reply, plaintiff admitted the judgment and the filing of the notice of suit pending, but alleged that the judgment was null and void and the notice of no force or effect. The cause was tried to the
Plaintiff deraigned title by patent from the government to John F. Monson, dated August 5th, 1890, and recorded March 27th, 1907, and a quitclaim deed from said John F. Monson to plaintiff, dated and executed in Arkansas, May 7th, 1906, and recorded July 25th, 1906. No attempt was made to prove possession. Defendants offered in' evidence the judgment roll of a case in the county court entitled B. M. Webster v. Fred Munson et al., consisting of complaint, summons and return thereon, after ten days, that after diligent search the defendant could not be found, affidavit for publication, proof of publication and decree, in regular form and in full compliance with the provisions of the code relative to publication of summons and proof thereof, supported by the testimony of a witness that he had known the land, title to which was in dispute, for many years; that it had been occupied and owned by a man whose full name was John Fred Monson, but who was commonly known as Fred Munson; that the surname of said person was spelled M-o-n-s-o-n but pronounced as if it were spelled M-u-n-s-o-n. Plaintiff objected to the admission of the judgment roll, assigning as reason that the parties to the proceedings were not the same, but a different party both as to the initials and the surname, to-wit, that the patentee was named John F. Monson, while the defendant in the proceedings under consideration was J. Fred Munson, and that service upon said John F. Monson had not been obtained by the publication; also that the affidavit of publication showed that the name-J. Fred Munson had not been properly published; but there were two affidavits of publication, one of which showed no error. The objections were overruled and the judgment roll admitted. The Us pendens notice was offered and re
1. From the foregoing statement it is apparent that the judgment appealed from must stand or fal'1 according to the effect to be given to the judgment against Fred J. Munson, under service of summons by publication, and to the notice of lis pendens; that is to say, whether, if the proceedings were regular in every respect, such judgment and notice were binding upon John F. Monson and his assignee.
Substituted service by publication is permitted only where personal sei'vice canxiot. be made, and in certain classes of cases wherein specific property is to be af
2. There is good reason and abundant authority for holding, as we do, that the names Monson and Mun-son are idem sonans, and the variation in orthography is immaterial and the objection trivial. The modern doctrine seems to be, and ought to be, that variant orthography must be such as to tend, at least, to mislead the opposite party to his prejudice. As illustrating the doctrine of idem sonans■ we cite the following instances wherein names have been held to be idem sonans: Bosse and Busse in Ogden et al. v. Bosse, 86 Tex., 336; Bubb and Bobb in Myer v. Fegaly, 39 Pa. St., 429; Forris and Farris in Lyne v. Sanford, 82 Tex., 58; Herman and Harman in Kahn v. Herman, 3 Ga., 266; Johnston and Johnson in Bank v. Kuhnle, 50 Kan., 420. A large number of similar cases are collected in 29 Cyc., p. 272. Further difficulty is found in this case because of the difference between the Christian name and the middle name as given in the patent, and as written in the judgment and proceedings leading thereto. It will be observed, however, that the initials are the same; that the middle name as in the judgment and proceedings is correct, and that by which he was known. The identity of the' patentee of the land with the defendant in the suit is established by the evidence. There was no record evidence that the defendant’s name was other than that by which he was commonly known. The object of the publication of summons is to give notice to the defendant of a suit pending, and of its purpose. It must be evident to every person that a published notice, using the name by which the defendant is commonly known in the community, ' will as readily attract his attention as if his
3. Plaintiff in this case did not receive his deed for the land until after the judgment quieting title as against his grantor was rendered. At that time the notice of suit pending was, and for more than five months had been, on file and of record in the office of the county clerk, and was constructive notice to plaintiff herein that this land was in litigation upon a suit to quiet title thereto in B. M. Webster as against J. Fred Monson. If he had examined the record, or had it examined, it would have been found that the suit was against a man whose surname was idem sonans with that of the person from whom he was contemplating purchase; whose initials were the same; that “ J,” the initial of the Christian name, might well stand for “John.” And upon slight investigation he would have found that the name Fred was not only his real middle name but also that by which he was commonly known. And further inquiry must have readily disclosed that the person named in the said recorded notice was the person who had owned and occupied the land in litigation. Notwithstanding the conditions revealed by the evidence in this case, the plaintiff failed to introduce any evidence to show that he did not have actual notice or knowledge that the person named in the summons, the decree and the Us pendens notice, was' the same person with whom he was negotiating for the purchase of the land; nor that he had examined the record and was deceived or misled by the slight difference in the names mentioned. Sounding an alarm gives no warning to a person who stops his ears, nor visual signal to him who closes his eyes. The law only contemplates that the warning shall be given, and ' if it is such as the law requires, the ordinary and usual effect thereof will be presumed. While many of the
For the reasons stated, plaintiff is charged with constructive notice of the pendency of said action and bound by the judgment therein against his grantor. In arriving at this conclusion we have not overlooked- nor failed to consider the fundamental distinction between personal service and substituted service by publication of summons. An examination of numerous cases has shown-that, as said by the supreme court of Iowa (Hubner v. Reickhoff, 103 Ia., 368), variance in orthography in names has been held fatal, or otherwise, as the facts of the case would warrant, having in view safety in the application of the rule, and just results. We have no doubt as to just results being accomplished by our decision, and having in view safety in the application of the rule here applied, we add, that it should not be extended beyond the facts as disclosed by the evidence. The judgment of the district court is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to vacate the judgment in favor of plaintiff and enter judgment in favor of the defendant, B. M. Webster, quieting title as prayed for in his cross-complaint. Reversed and Remanded.