Wayne Hudson v. Kenneth L. Hardy, United States, Intervenor, 424 F.2d 854

Wayne Hudson v. Kenneth L. Hardy, United States, Intervenor

424 F.2d 854

D.C. Cir.

1970

Check Treatment

*855 On Petition for Rehearing

PER CURIAM:

Our original opinion in this case was filed on February 14, 1968. Subsequent to that date, appellees petitioned for rehearing both on thе merits and on the ground that, while his appeal was pending in this court, appellant had been transferred to a federal prison outside our jurisdiction; this, they suggest, renders the case moot. The United States, granted leave to intervene, petitioned for rehearing on substantially the same grounds. We appointed counsel for appellant and set the case for oral argument. On the merits, for the reasons stated in our original opinion, we reaffirm that opinion. 1 The question of mootness, raised for the first time on the petition for rehearing, requires some further discussion.

Appellant, unrepresented by counsel, styled his pleadings in the District Court a “petition for writ of declaratory judgment.” If so treated, there is no question but that the case is not moot. Appellant’s claim was thаt certain officials of the District of Columbia, purporting to act pursuant to local law, had subjected him to cruel and unusual рunishment, to punishment without cause, and to unconstitutional discrimination. If true, these allegations make out a claim for money damаges under 42 U.S. C. § 1983 (1964). Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 87 S.Ct. 1213, 18 L.Ed.2d 288 (1967); Hurd v. Hodge, 334 U.S. 24, 31, 68 S.Ct. 847, 92 L.Ed. 1187 (1948). And money damages may, of course, be awarded in an action for declaratory judgment. 28 U.S.C. § 2202 (1964); Security Insurance Co. v. White, 236 F.2d 215, 220 (10th Cir. 1956); see Richey v. Wilkins, 335 F.2d 1, 6 (2d Cir. 1964). 2 Needless to say, a claim for damages is not rendered ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍moot by cessation of the wrong once done.

II.

Even if aрpellant does not desire to have his pleadings treated as an action for damages, it is by no means certain that the сase has become moot. The core of his complaint when filed was an unlawful deprivation of liberty. He prayed “that I, Wayne Hudson Plaintiff Be taken from M.S.U. Control cell and Given the Privileges of all other inmate[s], * * *” His petition, in effect, was a petition for a writ of habeas corpus; 3 and it has been so treated by his attorney since counsel was appointed. 4 If the pleading is considered ,a petition for habeas corpus, the question of mootness is a complex one. Since ultimate decision may turn on facts not of record here, and since the suggestion of moot *856 ness was not made until our original opinion had already bеen issued, we believe that it is best presented to the District Court on remand. Compare Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 496 n. 8, 89 S.Ct. 1944, 23 L.Ed.2d 491 (1969); Robinson v. California, 371 U.S. 905, 83 S.Ct. 202, 9 L.Ed.2d 166 (1962) (on petition for rehearing). In aid of the ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍remand, we sketch the relevant principles.

III.

“Simply stated, a case is moot when the issues presented are no longer ‘live’ or the partiеs lack a legally cognizable interest in the outcome.” Powell v. McCormack, 395 U.S. 486, 496, 89 S.Ct. 1944, 1951, 23 L.Ed.2d 491 (1969). In the present case, it may be that cessаtion of the disciplinary restrictions complained of has rendered the case moot. 5 But the imposition of discipline will normally have two consequences: first, the punishment actually imposed; and second, the records maintained relating to that punishment. 6 Appellant’s disciplinary record may follow him throughout the prison system; if his punishment was without cause, he is punished anew each time his record is used against him. Burgett v. Texas, 389 U.S. 109, 115, 88 S.Ct. 258, 19 L.Ed.2d 319 (1967). 7 Similarly, his disciplinary record may affect ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍his eligibility for parole. Matthews v. Hardy, 137 U.S.App.D.C. 39, 42, 43, 420 F.2d 607, 610-611 (Aug. 29, 1969); cf. Peyton v. Rowe, 391 U.S. 54, 56 n. 3, 64, 88 S.Ct. 1549, 20 L.Ed.2d 426 (1968). Finally, we note that thе sentencing judge recommended commitment to the federal penitentiary at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, but that appellant has nevеrtheless been transferred to the penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas. Appellant’s brief suggests that confinement at Leavenworth may itself be a punishment inflicted upon appellant because of his disciplinary record. 8

On remand, therefore, the District Court should ascertain precisely what relief appellant seeks. If he desires that the case be treated as a рetition for habeas corpus, the court should inform itself of the extent to which appellant is, or is likely to be, still subject to disabilities because of the unlawful acts alleged. Only then can an informed decision be made whether appellant has an interest in the outcome of sufficient magnitude to warrant judicial review.

Notes

. Appellees strenuously object to our action in remanding thе caso on appellant’s motion for the appointment of counsel. However, various panels of this court havе often taken such action in the past when it is clear from the records of a case that further action is required below. See, e. g., Mаthews v. Hardy, No. 21,315 (Order filed Feb. 14, 1968); Barnett v. Preston, No. 20,577 (Order filed Nov. 22, 1966).

. See also Fed.R.Civ.P. 54(c) :

[E]very final judgment shall grant the relief to which ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍the party in whose favor it is rendered is еntitled, even if the party has not demanded suoh relief in Ms pleadings.

(emphasis added).

. Habeas corpus tests not only the fact but also the form of dеtention. Johnson v. Avery, 393 U.S. 483, 89 S.Ct. 747, 21 L.Ed.2d 718 (1969) (by implication) ; In re Bonner, 151 U.S. 242, 14 S.Ct. 323, 38 L.Ed. 149 (1894); Covington v. Harris, 136 U.S.App.D.C. 35, 38, 39, 419 F.2d 617, 620-621 (Mar. 14, 1969); see Jones v. Cunningham, 371 U.S. 236, 238-243, 83 S.Ct. 373, 9 L.Ed.2d 285 (1963). Alternatively, the papers could be treated as a request for injunctive relief under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1964). See Barnett v. Rodgers, 133 U.S.App.D.C. 296, 299 n. 4, 410 F.2d 995, 998 n. 4 (1969).

. Likewise, the affidavit оf Charles M. Rogers, superintendant of the D. C. Jail, refers to the case as “Habeas Corpus Number 83-67” (capitalization in original).

. Of course, if the case is treated as an application for habeas corpus, appellant’s transfer outside the jurisdiction was in clear violation ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍of our then Rule 29(a), now substantially Fed.R.App.P. 23. As such, the transfer would not normally deprive us of jurisdiction, see Ahrens v. Clark, 335 U.S. 188, 193, 68 S.Ct. 1443, 92 L.Ed. 1898 (1948). If, however, the case is otherwise moot, it does not seem likely that even a deliberate violation of our rules would revive the deаd issues.

. Compare Taylor v. McElroy, 360 U.S 709, 79 S.Ct. 1428, 3 L.Ed.2d 1528 (1959) (per curiam).

. We note that although appellees filed in this court an affidavit indicating that appellant has been transferred to thе United States Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas, they have not indicated that he is not there subjected to the same additional restraints as at the D.C. Jail.

. See Brief for Appellant at 14-15:

It is clear that confinement at Leavenworth, a maximum security institution, is much less desirable than confinement аt Lewisburg, which is described by the Bureau of Prisons as a “medium security penitentiary” which provides “wider training opportunities” than are avаilable at Leavenworth. Compare United States Bureau of Prisons, Policy Statement No. 7300.-13A, Appendix A, p. 15 (1967) (describing Leavenworth), with p. 17 (describing Lewisburg). Thus, for example, Lewisburg offers a variety of technical training programs as well as a complete academic program through high school and arrangements with Pennsylvania State University for inmates to take specialized courses in thе behavioral sciences. And it has a substantial work release and community placement program. Id. at 17. Leavenworth, on the other hand, has no “significant” special training programs and “because of the nature of the institution’s mission, work release is not stressed.” Id. at 15.