Watt v. SmithWatt v. Smith
— This appeal is from the judgment, and on the judgment roll.
The action is to recover from defendant, as husband of an inmate, the amount fixed by the directors to be paid by paying patients.
Judgment was entered for defendant on the ground that plaintiffs were not the real parties in interest, and had not legal cаpacity to sue; and this is the only question raised here.
All the facts necessary to enable the plaintiffs to recover, if they can sue in their own names, are found by the court. The defendant’s wife was аn indigent inmate duly committed to the asylum, and the board had by resolution, in due form, fixed the amount to be pаid by paying patients.
The powers of the board are defined by section 2137 of the Political Codе, but neither in that nor in any other statute existing at the time this suit was commenced is the board expressly authorized to sue; such authority was given them by act of March, 1889, passed after this suit was commenced.
The duties of the board with reference to such moneys are defined by the Statutes of 1885, pages 32, 33. It is provided, in case an insane person is able to pay actual charges and expenses, a guardian may be appointed whose duty it shall be to pay such expenses to the board; and “if indigent insаne persons have kindred of degree of husband or wife, father, mother, or children, living within this state, of sufficient ability, who are otherwise liable, said kindred shall support such indigent insane person to the extent prescribed for paying patients.” And further, “All moneys belonging to the state re
It appears from the code that all the expenses of the asylum are paid from the mоney appropriated by the state; and we have not found any source from which monejs belоnging to the state can come into their possession except these funds, received by them in payment for inmates as provided in this act. At all events, these constitute a portion of this contingent fund, which the board is authorized to receive and to expend, and which impliedly it is made their duty to collect.
The obligation is fixed and certain upon the defendant to pay. Independently of the statute, he is liable for the support of his wife. The statute makes it his duty to pay the directors for such supрort. It is a debt due from him to the directors, as trustees of the asylum.
Authorities may be found to the effect thаt all public officers have an implied power to take all legal measures in their officiаl character which may be requisite to enable them to execute the trust or discharge the duty imрosed upon them by law, where there is no statute prescribing the means'by which such trust shall be executed. And, therefore, if to accomplish their official duty or to discharge their trust it is necessary to sue, power to do so is implied. ( Cornell v. Town of Guilford,
This seems a rational conclusion, and logically follows from the faсt of the trust or duty imposed, which can be performed in no other way.
This last clause, it must be confessed, raises a presumption against the authority of any оfficer to sue, unless specially authorized by statute, and we accordingly find, wherever similar code provisions have been adopted, care is generally taken to authorize suits where it may bе necessary. If the plaintiffs have capacity to sue, it must be on the ground that they are trustees of an express trust.
And we see no reason why they are not such. The moneys are never to go to the state treasury. So long as the law is unchanged, the state can exercise no control over the funds, except to compel a faithful execution of the trust. The fund really belongs to the board as trustees, and the terms of their trust and their duties are plainly declared. Among these duties is that of collecting the money which shall constitute the fund, and there is no procedure prescribed.
Under such сircumstances, we think it a part of plaintiffs’ duties to collect, by suit if necessary, and as trustees of аn express trust they may do so.
It follows that the judgment should be reversed, and judgment entered for plaintiffs, on thе findings, for the sum demanded in the complaint.
Belcher, 0., and Fitzgerald, 0., concurred.
The Court. — For the reasons given in the foregoing opinion, the judgment is reversed, and the court below is directed to enter judgment for the plaintiffs, on the findings, for the sum demanded in their complaint.