232 P. 475 | Cal. Ct. App. | 1924
An opinion passing upon and determining the legal questions involved herein favorably to the petitioner was filed in this court on the seventeenth day of May, 1924. (Watson v. Greely,
In accordance with the order of reference mentioned, the same, with the petition and the answer thereto, together with a copy of the opinion of this court disposing of the legal points, was duly certified by this court to the said trial *646
court, and the latter court, on the twelfth day of July, 1924, proceeded with the trial of the issues of fact, and, upon the conclusion of the taking of the testimony, made its written findings and conclusions therefrom. These findings and conclusions, together with the transcript of the testimony taken at the hearing of the issues of fact, duly certified, were thereafter transmitted to and filed in this court. The findings are substantially in the language of the averments of the petition, and the facts stated in the petition are set out with considerable detail in the opinion heretofore filed herein. (Watson v. Greely,
The matter is now before us upon exceptions to the findings upon the ground that, in certain particulars, or rather in a certain particular, they derive no support from the evidence adduced before the trial court and certified to this court. These exceptions are addressed to findings 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. By finding 6 it is found that the highway described in the petition and also in the ordinance of the board of supervisors of the county of Sutter and the resolution of the board of supervisors of the county of Yuba, both said ordinance and said resolution being set out in full in the petition herein, has existed in the county of Sutter for a period of "more than one year prior and up to the date of the commencement of this action." Finding 7 is to the effect that, to make the portion of said highway which extends across the changed channel of Bear River and for a distance northerly and northwesterly from where it crosses said channel of said river "passable and of use to the traveling public, including the residents of the Counties of Yuba and Sutter, it is necessary that said highway be placed and remain in good repair and that a good and sufficient bridge be constructed and maintained as a part of said highway across said channel of Bear River." By findings 8, 9, and 10 it is found, as the petitioner herein alleges, that the board of supervisors of the county of Sutter, on the fifth day of November, 1923, duly passed an ordinance whereby permission was granted to the county of Yuba to use, and the right to use, the highway specifically described therein for the purpose of constructing and maintaining a road or boulevard, and providing for the joint construction by Yuba and *647 Sutter Counties of any bridge necessary to be thereon constructed and maintained for the purpose and convenient use of said road by the public; that said ordinance was "thereafter duly approved by the Chairman of said Board of Supervisors of said County of Sutter and published as required by law, and the same is in full force and virtue"; that (finding 10) the board of supervisors of Yuba County, by resolution duly adopted, on the thirteenth day of December, 1923, accepted said ordinance passed by said county of Sutter and all the terms and conditions therein set forth and contained.
There was no denial in the answers to the petition for the writ herein sought of the adoption and passage of the ordinance and the resolution of the boards of supervisors of the counties of Sutter and Yuba, respectively, and hence whether those measures were or were not adopted and passed as alleged in the petition and as set forth in the findings was not among the issues remanded to the trial court for trial. The adoption of those measures, because of the fact that there was no denial of their adoption, was and is an admitted fact in this proceeding. The specific, and, indeed, the only objection to the findings is, therefore, not that the said ordinance of the board of supervisors of Sutter County and the resolution of the board of supervisors of Yuba County, accepting the terms and conditions of said ordinance, were not, in point of fact, duly adopted, passed, and approved by the respective boards of supervisors, but that the facts and the conditions essential to the giving of said boards jurisdiction to adopt, pass, and approve said measures are not shown by the evidence to have existed prior to and at the time of the adoption and passage thereof or at the time of the initiation of this proceeding. In other words, the gravamen of the objections of the respondent to the findings is that, at the time of the passage of said measures, there did not exist, nor did there ever, or does there now, exist, a highway as described in the ordinance and also in the resolution and in the findings.
[1] The finding as to the existence of a highway or a right of way for a public road at and prior to the time of the passage of the ordinance by the county of Sutter and the resolution by the county of Yuba, accepting the terms and conditions thereof, is supported. It is not necessary to *648 state in detail herein the evidence or even the substance thereof introduced at the trial of the question of fact as to whether the highway described did exist. It is enough to say that it was shown that the particular strip of land described in said ordinance was, on the tenth day of October, 1921, for highway purposes, conveyed to the county of Sutter by the Natomas Company, a corporation; that said county duly accepted said grant for the purposes stated; that other deeds were executed by the same company granting to the counties of Yuba and Sutter, for the same purpose, substantially, if not precisely, the same land; that the proposed way is connected by a direct road, in existence for many years, with the state highway extending from the city of Marysville to the city of Sacramento, via the town of Wheatland; that said proposed way is also connected with the public highway extending from the city of Sacramento, via the town of Pleasant Grove, in Sutter County, to a point south and east of Bear River, and a short distance from the point at which it is proposed to erect a bridge over said river connecting the road running in a direct southerly line from the city of Marysville to said bridge site. As to this portion of the way the witness Meek, county surveyor of Yuba County, testifying for the respondent, stated: "There is an open stretch over which cars pass. I went over it myself, it can hardly be called a road, but it is open and there is a defined line apparently running alongside of it, as far as the present site of Bear River." The line of the Pleasant Grove highway, it should be stated, is some miles west of the line or route of the state highway between Marysville and Sacramento, via the town of Wheatland. This fact appears from the map introduced and used at the trial of the facts and which was transmitted to this court with the record of the evidence and the findings of said trial.
[2] It seems to be the view of the respondent that, to justify the adoption by "adjoining counties" of the course authorized by subdivision 12 of section 2639 of the Political Code, it must be made to appear that, at the time of such action by the boards of supervisors of the two counties, there is in existence over and upon the way a road upon which the "highway" or "boulevard" is proposed to be constructed and maintained. The position of the respondent *649 does not accord with the definition of the word "highways," as given by section 2618 of the Political Code. Said section defines highways as follows: "In all counties of this state public highways are roads, streets, alleys, lanes, courts, places, trails, and bridges, laid out or erected as such by the public, or if laid out or erected by others, dedicated or abandoned to the public, or made such in actions for the partition of real property."
[3] It is clear that where, as here, a county has been granted a strip of land or a right of way over and upon such strip to be used and devoted to the purposes only of a county road, such strip or right of way being described with such certainty as to facilitate a ready identification thereof, the act of acceptance of such grant upon the part of the grantee county operates ipso facto to establish it as a highway of the county, and this regardless of whether there is or is not a road on such strip. [4] The grant and the acceptance thereof constitute a dedication of such strip to county road purposes. This amounts to the setting apart of the strip so dedicated for such road purposes, and the marking out or setting apart of a strip of land for such purposes is what we think it reasonable to assume is meant by the phrase "laid out," as it is used in section 2618 of the Political Code. It is perhaps true, as was said in Mansur v. County Commrs.,
It might, however, be argued that the word "erected" in said section was intended to refer to bridges and not to roads, hence the circumstance that the words "laid out" and the word "erected" are disjunctively connected is not significant of an intention to differentiate between a highway merely laid out or not improved and a highway upon which a road has been built.[6] The rule of the Political Code (sec. 4) is that its provisions and all proceedings under it "are to be liberally construed, with a view to effect its objects and to promote justice." This means that, where necessary to do so to impart to it the true purpose of its enactment, a statute should be given a broad construction or its words and phrases a like interpretation. Of course, this is upon the assumption that the statute is designed to achieve some necessary and useful purpose. We know of no other branch of our system of laws in the practical application of which that rule should the more liberally be invoked than that relating to public road construction. The roads of counties, as well as intercounty or state roads, have in recent years become singularly potent as agencies for the development of the resources and the industrial and the commercial interests of a state, and as now required to be built *651 or improved, by reason of the new methods or means of transportation introduced in recent years, they cannot be dispensed with or could not be without a return to the slow processes for such development of former days. [7] The road and highway laws are designed to encourage and facilitate the building of public roads in accordance with the demands of present-day conditions and needs, and no construction should be given those laws which would make their application impracticable or infeasible or unreasonably difficult, unless their language, in certain particulars, affords no other alternative, in which case, in the interest of the public or common good, they should be amended so as to render their enforcement less burdensome.
Thus looking at the word "erected," as used in section 2618, and giving to it that broad interpretation which seems to be necessitated because of its necessary application to or connection with other code sections or statutes relating to roads and highways, it is easy to understand how the legislature could have intended that it should include all necessary acts (such as grading, excavating, bridge building, etc.) for the building of county roads. This interpretation is in accord with the meaning of the word "erected" as it is given in the dictionaries, which state that the word is in one sense synonymous with the word "constructed." [8] To erect is to construct and to construct is to erect, when using the terms to express the fact of the building of a structure or other work. The two words have frequently been used interchangeably or as importing the same meaning in statutes relating to and providing schemes for public road building. (See, for instance,Merservey v. Gulliford, 14 Idaho, 133 [93 P. 780, 788].)
It may be added to what has been said above that it is worthy of note that subdivision 12 of section 2639 of the Political Code does not, eo nomine, refer to roads. The language is, "any of its public highways." While it would not do to say that the language of said subdivision does not also include highways over which unimproved roads pass and which, to be of convenient use by the public, require improvement, it certainly can have no reference to highways already equipped with improved roads, according to the modern notion or method of such improvement. *652
But the case of Venice v. Short Line Beach Land Co.,
Our conclusion is that the highway in question comes within the category of those referred to in subdivision 12 of section 2639 of the Political Code, and that the proceedings instituted by the counties of Yuba and Sutter as to said highway in pursuance of the provisions of said section are in all respects valid.
Accordingly, upon the authority of the opinion heretofore filed herein and the instant opinion, it is ordered that a writ of mandate as prayed for by the petitioner herein, issue out of this court.
Plummer, J., and Finch, P. J., concurred.
A petition to have the cause heard in the supreme court, after judgment in the district court of appeal, was denied by the supreme court on January 12, 1925. *653