111 S.W.2d 458 | Ark. | 1937
This case came originally to this court on appeal from a judgment of the lower court approving the settlement of the appellant as executor of the estate of S. M. Acker, deceased. The judgment was reversed and, upon mandate being filed in the trial court, appellant moved to transfer the cause to equity. The motion was overruled and the case heard on certain evidence and stipulation of counsel. The court restated the account of the executor and charged him with the total sum of $3,121.01, which included demands against the estate in the sum of $1,926.12 paid out by the executor and not probated in the manner prescribed by statute. The court, in its order, specifically found: "Each and all of which said claims thus paid by the executor the court finds to have been owing by S. M. Acker at the time of his death, and remaining unpaid on the date of the payment thereof by said executor, the payment of which could have been enforced against said estate if same had been properly probated as required by law." After having saved exceptions to the order and judgment of the court and having prayed and been granted an appeal to this court, appellant filed a renewal of his motion to transfer to equity on the theory that he was entitled to subrogation as to the rights of the creditors of the estate whose claims had been discharged, and, on the further ground that "in its finding and judgment herein this court has found and declared that said claims paid by him as such executor in the total sum of $1,926.12, . . . were legal, valid and subsisting claims against said estate at the date of the payment thereof by said executor, by reason of which said finding he is entitled to be subrogated to all of the rights of the persons to whom said claims were paid as of the *205 date of the payment thereof as against the estate of S. M. Acker, deceased, and this court is without power to grant him said relief or any other proper relief with respect thereto."
The motion was overruled, and in the order denying its prayer reference was made to the finding of fact of the court in its judgment, and, with permission of the court, the motion to transfer was renewed and, the same being overruled, exceptions were saved.
Quoting the language of appellant: "The appeal is based upon the ground that the trial court erred in overruling appellant's motion to transfer to equity, this error being apparent upon the face of the judgment of the court itself. The cause should have been transferred for the reason that under the undisputed facts, as well as under the finding and judgment of the court, the appellant was entitled to the application of the doctrine of subrogation, and for that reason that, even if the doctrine of subrogation does not apply, appellant was entitled to equitable relief under the maxim that `Equity will not suffer a wrong without a remedy,' a court of law being without power to grant relief in either case."
Counsel for the litigants have devoted much of their briefs to a discussion of the doctrine of subrogation and its applicability to the state of facts as found to exist by the trial court with relation to the claims against the estate paid by the executor. Appellant quotes from the textwriters who state the doctrine of subrogation and our decisions which have applied it contending that these cases are authority for the contention made by him. Appellee insists that the doctrine has no application and that the cases cited in which it was applied for the relief of those who had discharged debts for which they were entitled to subrogation are based on facts essentially different from those in the case at bar. We pass a consideration of this question for the reason that appellant, in seeking to invoke that doctrine, is met at the threshold of his case with two insuperable obstacles; first, the opinion of this court in the case of Acker v. Watkins,
"Whatever was before the court, and is disposed of, is considered as finally settled. The inferior court is bound by the judgment or decree as the law of the case, and must carry it into execution according to the mandate. The inferior court cannot vary it, or judicially examine it for any other purpose than execution. It can give no other or further relief as to any matter decided by the Supreme Court even where there is error apparent; or in any manner intermeddle with it further than to execute the mandate, and settle such matters as have been remanded, not adjudicated by the Supreme Court. . . . The principles above stated are, we think, conclusively established by the authority of adjudged cases. And any further departure from them would inevitably mar the harmony of the whole judiciary system, bring its parts into conflict, and produce therein disorganization, disorder, and incalculable mischief and confusion. Besides, any rule allowing the inferior courts to disregard the adjudications of the Supreme Court, or to refuse or omit to carry them into execution would be repugnant to the principles established by the Constitution, and, therefore, void." *207
A number of cases might be cited following and reaffirming the rule above quoted, but it is sufficient to say that there has been no impairment of the doctrine stated, supra, and it has been adhered to as late as the case of Arkansas Baptist College v. Dodge,
Second, the case arose in the probate court and related to a subject-matter over which it had exclusive jurisdiction. Accordingly, the circuit court on appeal had no authority to transfer the cause to the chancery court.
The appellant, in his reply brief, calls our attention to the provisions of the will by which a trust estate was created in favor of appellant, executor, and he argues that by reason of this he might have, in the first instance, invoked the jurisdiction of a court of equity for a construction of the will and an adjudication of his trustee account; and argues under the authority of Baxter v. Duvall,
In the case at bar, there is no question as to the construction of the will or a settlement of "trustee's accounts." It is simply a question of the settlement of an administrator of a subject over which probate courts have exclusive jurisdiction, namely, the probate and payment of debts due by the testator's estate. As early as the case of Horner v. Hanks,
This court has frequently held that a case originating in the probate court in a cause over which it has jurisdiction cannot, on appeal to the circuit court, be transferred to equity. The reason is stated in the case of Jackson v. Gorman,
In the case of McLain v. Brewington,
The Constitution, cited, supra, vests exclusive jurisdiction in the probate court over matters relating to the estates of decedents and especially as to demands against such and the manner in which the same may be presented, proven and allowed, as a condition precedent to the authority of the administrator or executor to pay them, is prescribed in 100 to 113, both inclusive, Pope's Digest. The trial court, therefore, properly denied the motion to *210 transfer and entered judgment in accordance with the directions of the mandate, and its judgment is affirmed.