Waters v. Waters
80 N.E. 337
Ill.
1907
Check Treatment
Mr. Justice Wilkin

delivered the opinion of the court:

On May 21, 1902, Mary Waters died-testate, and on June 18 following, her last will and testament was admitted to probate by the county court of Stephenson county. At the June term, 1904, of the circuit court of said county, two years .thereafter, appellants filed their bill to contest the same upоn the grounds of mental incapacity and undue influence. Answer being filed, a trial was had before the court and a jury and a verdict returned finding that the instrument in question was not the last will and testament of the testatrix, and a decree was entered accordingly. An appeal was рrosecuted to this court, where the decree was reversed on the ground that the evidence was not sufficient to sustain the allegаtions of the bill, and the cause was remanded to the circuit court for such further proceedings as to justice and equity might appertаin. (222 Ill. 26.) The case was re-docketed in the circuit court and a motion made by two of the defendants for leave to withdraw their answer аnd file a demurrer to the bill. The motion was allowed, and the demurrer alleged that the bill, upon its face, showed it was not filed within the period of one year from the .date of the probate of the will and therefore the court had no jurisdiction to entertain it. The complainants moved to strike the demurrer from the files and restore .the answer, alleging ‍​​‌​‌‌‌‌​​​​​​​‌‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‍that the demurrer was not filed in apt time and that all questions presented in the demurrer had been passed upon by this court on the former appeal. The motion to strike was overruled, the demurrer was sustained and the bill dismissed at complainants’ cost. Complainants then filed a motion to re-instate the cause upon the ground that the question of jurisdiction had been passed upon by this court, but the motion was overruled, and an appeal has been prosecuted to this court.

The sole question presented for decision here is as to the correctness of the rulings of the circuit court in permitting defendants to withdraw their answer and file a demurrer to the bill, and in sustaining the same and dismissing the suit at complainants’ cost.

At common law a court of еquity had no jurisdiction to entertain a bill to contest a will. Such jurisdiction has been conferred in this State by statute, provided the bill be filed within a fixed рeriod. The bill was filed at the June term, 1904. At that time section 7 of chapter 148 (Hurd’s Stat. 1905, p. 2051,) provided, that if, at any time within one year after a will was admitted to probate, any person interested should appear and by his ‍​​‌​‌‌‌‌​​​​​​​‌‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‍or her bill in chancery contest the validity, of the same,' an issuе at law should be made) up and should be tried by a jury in the circuit court of the county wherein such will had been admitted to probate. The will was admitted to probate on June 18, 1902, and at the time the bill was filed to contest it more than one year had elapsed since the date of probate, and therefore the circuit court was without jurisdiction to entertain it.

It is not denied that if this fact had been called to the attention of the court on the first hearing it would have been its duty to dismiss the bill for want of jurisdiction, but it is claimed that as it was not then done the point has been waived. The demurrer went to the jurisdiction of the court over the subject matter of the suit, and that question could . not be waived. The filing of the bill within the time limited by the statute was a jurisdictional fact, and was necessary to put the court in motion. The court had no power to entеrtain the bill filed after the time limited by the statute, except in cases of the disability named in the statute. (Luther v. Luther, 122 Ill. 558.) The proviso to section 7 оf the act on wills, concerning the right of parties to file a bill and contest a will, is merely a grant of jurisdiction, to be exercised ‍​​‌​‌‌‌‌​​​​​​​‌‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‍only when invoked within the time fixed by such proviso, and is not a limitation on the exercise of a jurisdiction already existing. (Storrs v. St. Luke’s Hospital, 180 Ill. 368.) Courts of equity in this State have no jurisdiction to contest a will except such jurisdiction as has been conferred by the statute. Indeed, the statute conferring jurisdiction is the only source of power entrusted to a court of equity in this State. Such being the case, a court of equity can only entertаin a bill in the mode and within the time prescribed by the statute. Sharp v. Sharp, 213 Ill. 332.

Neither was there anything in the former proceedings or in the decision of this court which in any way affected the right of the defendants to raise the question of jurisdiction upon the remandment of the cause. The rule is, that. when a decree or judgment is reversed and the cause remanded to .the lower court without specific directions, the judgment or decree is entirely abrogated and the cause then stands precisely as if no trial ‍​​‌​‌‌‌‌​​​​​​​‌‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‍had occurred, and the lower court hаs the same power, under the record, as it had before its judgment or decree was rendered, and may permit amendments to the pleadings and allow the introduction of further evidence so long as the same does not conflict with the principles of law announcеd by the court of review and does not introduce grounds for relief which did not exist at the hearing in the trial court. (Palmer v. Woods, 149 Ill. 146; Rush v. Rush, 170 id. 623; Aurora and Geneva Railway Co. v. Hardy, 178 id. 477; Illinois State Trust Co. v. St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway Co. 217 id. 504.) When a decree is reversed and the cause remanded, with directions to proceed in conformity with the opinion then filed, and it appears from the opinion that the grounds of reversal are of a character to be obviated by subsequent amendment of the pleadings or the introduction of additional evidence, it is the duty оf the trial court to allow the cause to be re-docketed, and then to permit amendments to be made and evidence to bе introduced on the hearing as though it was being heard for the first time. (Washburn & Moen Manf. Co. v. Wire Pence Co. 119 Ill. 30; West v. Douglas, 145 id. 164.) The determination of the case in this court on the former appeal was upon the merits, and the question of jurisdiction was not considered nor even mentioned. When the cause ‍​​‌​‌‌‌‌​​​​​​​‌‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​​​‍was re-doсketed in the circuit court it was in the same position as though it had been then filed, and the defendants were at liberty to interpose any defense which they could have originally urged.

The principal ground, however, upon which the decision of the court below must be sustained is, thаt the want of jurisdiction over the subject matter was not and could not be waived. The rule is too familiar to justify the citation of authorities, that consent can never give jurisdiction to a court to hear and determine a matter about which it has no jurisdiction in law, and therefore in this case it would have been the duty of the court, upon discovering that the bill was not filed within one year-from the probate of the will, to dismiss the same of its own motion, at the cost of the complainants. Jurisdiction of the person may always be waived, but not jurisdiction of the subject matter of the action.

The demurrer to the bill was properly sustained, and the'decree of the circuit court will accordingly be affirmed.

Decree affirmed.