Warren v. StateWarren v. State
In this сase, appellant Carl Warren appeals a judgment of conviction entered by the Hillsborough County Criminal Court of Record on February 21, 1968, after a jury trial and guilty verdict on an information for armed robbery.
The robbery took place shortly before 8 o’clock in the morning at Kwik-Chek store #663, at 4015 E. Hillsborough in Tampa. An armored truсk had pulled up in front of the store with a sack of money, which had been delivered inside the store. Immediately thereafter, defendant Warren with an accomplice, Willie B. Waldron, each wearing a mask or dark shade and with a gun in hand, went into the store through a back door, hurried everyone inside to the front of the store, grаbbed the bag of money, and left. They proceeded first to the home of defendant Warren’s father where they split the money, amounting in all to about $14,000. After burying some unwаnted articles in the back yard they left and later met at the home of Juanita Warren, who was Waldron’s girl friend, and in whose home they had stayed the night before, arising early to do the Kwik-Chek job.
Later, armed with a search warrant, police officers recovered the articles buried in the back yard of the father’s home. Among thе articles were some checks and envelopes and a white cloth bag with “The First1 National Bank of Tampa” written oh it. The bag was enclosed by an unopеned metal seal but had been slit in the bottom and torn open. Several of the envelopes had a return address thereon of the Kwik-Chek Store, No. 663, 4015 E. Hillsborough.
Nine witnеsses testified against defendant Warren, four employees of the Kwik-
Defendant Warren and Willie Waldron, his accomplice, spent the might beforе the robbery at Juanita’s house. Waldron was her boy friend. The next morning the two men got up early, left the house together, and came back around noon. Waldron came in first with a brown paper bag and told Juanita to look into it. She did and “there was a lot of money in the paper bag. Now, how much money, I do not know becаuse I didn’t count it. But the money was not just balled-up money. It was stacks. It was stacked up in there.” The paper bag had the words “Kwik-Chek” on it. From that point we quote verbatim intеr alia from the record:
(By state witness Juanita Warren upon interrogation by Asst. State Atty. Cohen) :
A Willie B., he came there earlier than Carl did. So, when Carl came into the house, I was in the bathroom. Carl told me, he says to me, he says, “Nita,” he said, “it is a good thing that you got this house.” He kissed me on the jaw. He said, “I am just like Robin Hood. I rob from the rich and I give to the poor.” And that’s what he said to me.
Q All right. What else did he say to you?
A I can’t think of anything else that he did say. * * *
Q Did Carl Warren ever say anything to you with reference to a getaway ?
A I don’t understand what you mean about a getaway.
Q About a getaway. Did he say anything ?
Mr. Rawlins (defense attorney): I object to counsel leading the witness. It is obviously a leading question.
The Court: I will sustain the objection. Rephrase the question.
Q Think back and see if you can think of anything else that Carl Warrеn told you, in addition to him telling you that “I am just like Robin Hood. I rob from the rich and give to the poor.” Take your time and sit there and think about the things that he told you.
A I can’t think of anything else that Carl Warren told me.
Q All right. Did you see anything еlse there besides that brown bag?
A Did I see anything else? What do you mean “anything else” ?
Q Any other type of container ?
A Money.
Q What was it in ?
A In the brown paper bag.
Q All right. About how large a bag was that?
A It was a large Kwik-Chek bag. And it was rolled down.
Q Did Carl ever tell you anything about “We hit it rich”?
Mr. Rawlins: I object to counsel leading the witness, Judge. * * *
The Court: Objection is sustained.
Q Did Carl ever tell you anything else?
Mr. Rawlins: I object, if your Honor please, being repetitious. * * *
*425 The Court: I will sustain the objection. The witness has answered your question previously. * * *
Q Did you want to testify today?
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Mr. Rawlins: I object, if your Honor please, whether she wanted to or not. It is immaterial.
Mr. Cohen: I think it goes to her credibility, your Honor. I have been asking her questions which she hasn’t answered. I haven’t hollered impeachment. I tried to lead her to refresh her recollection, and I want to point out to the jury that she didn’t want to testify.
Mr. Rawlins: At this point I move for a mistrial.
The Court: I will deny you motion for mistrial. I will sustain the objection, however. You don’t intend at this time to impeach your own witness, do you, Counselor ?
Mr. Cohen: No, sir. You may inquire.
There was obviously no error in the rulings on the objections to the questions because they were all in favor of the defendant. And there was likewise no error in denying the motion for mistrial, the only ruling against the defendant. It is interesting to note that the objections to the various questions asked were upon different grounds. The first two objections were because the questions were “leading”. The next objection was because the question was “reрetitious”. The next objection was because the question was “immaterial”. Then came the motion for mistrial, with no ground urged in support.
In Kelly v. State, Fla.App.1967,
“On the questiоn of the motion for mistrial, * * * such motion should never be granted in the midst of a criminal trial unless there is an absolute legal necessity to stop the trial and discharge the jury. In State ex rel. Alcala v. Grayson, 1945,156 Fla. 435 ,23 So.2d 484 , the Supreme Court said:
‘In this state the rule has been long established and continuously adhered to that the power to declare a mistrial and discharge the jury should be exercised with greаt care and caution and should be done only in case of absolute necessity. Ellis v. State,25 Fla. 702 , 703,6 So. 768 ; Allen v. State,52 Fla. 1 ,41 So. 593 ,120 Am.St.Rep. 188 , 10 Ann.Cas. 1085; Fails v. State,60 Fla. 8 ,53 So. 612 , Ann.Cas.1912B, 1146.’
In the case sub judice, the trial Court certainly did not abuse its discretion in denying the motion for mistrial, but properly struck out the objectionаble testimony complained of. While the answer was perhaps improper, the Court handled the difficult situation with propriety and will not be held in reversible error.” (Emрhasis supplied).
Asking a witness, even the defendant testifying in his own behalf, an improper question is not such prejudicial error as to warrant a mistrial where an objectiоnable question was ruled out by the Court. Morton v. State, Fla.App.1968,
In the case of State ex rel. Hamm v. Smith, Fla.App.1968,
In the case sub judice, the posture of the case did not present any “absolute necessity” for a mistrial to be declared. The trial Judge had sustained uniformly all objections to the questions being asked. Aсtually, the only thing improper was the gratuitous statement by the prosecutor that “I want to point out to the jury that she didn’t want to testify”. While uncalled for, this statement fell far short of providing legal basis for a mistrial.
The judgment appealed is thereupon—
Affirmed.