Aрpellant Lawanda Michelle Ward appeals her conviction for felony murder,
1
alleging
Evidence of record indicates that in Novembеr 1995, an altercation occurred between one group of women that included appellant on one side, and a rival group of women on the other side. Thereafter, appellant drove a car contаining five of her friends past a gathering of the rival group. Shots were fired from the passing car, killing one person and injuring two others. Appellant fled the scene and attempted to hide the car.
1. The evidence introduced at trial, construed most favorably to the jury’s verdicts, was sufficient to warrant a rational trier of fact to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant was guilty of the crimes for which she was convicted. 2
2. At the conclusion of the evidentiary portion of appellant’s trial, the trial court charged the jury on the presumption of appellant’s innocence and the State’s burden to rebut that presumption by proving every element of the crimes charged beyond a reasonable doubt. The trial court then explained that reasonable doubt is:
[A] dоubt based upon common sense and reason. It does not mean a vague or arbitrary doubt but is a doubt for which a rеason can be given arising from a consideration of the evidence, a lack of evidence, a cоnflict in the evidence or a combination of these things. If after giving consideration to all the facts and circumstаnces of this case your minds are wavering, unsettled or unsatisfied then that is a doubt of the law and you should acquit the defеndants. But if that doubt does not exist in your minds as to the guilt of the accused then it would be your duty and you would be authorized to find the dеfendants guilty. If the State fails to prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt it would be your duty to acquit the dеfendants.
This portion of the trial court’s charge was consistent with the suggested pattern instructions, and was proper. 3 However, the trial court then concluded its charge on reasonable doubt by stating:
Now, members of the jury, a bettеr way to express that is simply if you honestly believe that the defendants are guilty then find them guilty. If you honestly believe the defendants are not guilty then find them not guilty.
When attorneys for both the defense and the рrosecution called the trial court’s attention to this questionable portion of its charge, the trial court аsserted its belief that the charge was correct, and let it stand.
Having reviewed the trial court’s charge as a whоle, as we must,
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we conclude that the trial court’s summation of the standard charge on reasonable doubt — that reasonable doubt was the equivalent of an “honest belief” — improperly lowered the standard of proof that must be carried by the State to support a conviction. By suggesting that the jury was authorized to convict based upоn an “honest belief” of guilt, rather than a determination that there was an absence of any reasonable dоubt of guilt, the trial court effectively authorized the jurors to convict appellant
All charging errors are prеsumed to be prejudicial unless the record shows them to be harmless. 5 We cannot say that the erroneous instruction in this case, which purported to summarize the entire charge on reasonable doubt, was a mere “slip of thе tongue,” and that the charge, taken as a whole, gave a proper charge on the State’s burden of proof. There is more than a fair risk that the charging error misled or confused the jury with regard to the State’s burden of proving guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. 6 Accordingly, appellant’s conviction must be reversed.
Judgment reversed.
Notes
The crime occurred on November 18, 1995, and appellant was indicted on Jаnuary 3, 1996 on charges of malice and felony murder, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime. Appellant also was indicted on two charges of aggravated assault. On March 7,1996, following a jury trial, appellant was found guilty on the two assault charges, and not guilty of malice murder and illegal firearm possession. The jury declared it had deadlocked as to the felony murder charge. A mistrial was declared as to felony murder, and that chargе was retried before a jury, resulting in a guilty verdict rendered on April 30, 1996. Appellant was sentenced to life imprisonment fоr felony murder, and to twenty years for each of the two aggravated assault convictions, to be served cоncurrently and consecutively, respectively. Appellant’s new trial motion was filed on May 29, 1996, amended on November 5, 1998, and denied on November 6, 1998. Appellant’s notice of appeal was filed on December 2, 1998, the aрpeal was docketed on January 8, 1999, and argued orally on March 15, 1999.
Jackson v. Virginia,
See Suggested Pattern Jury Instructions, Volume II: Criminal Cases (2nd ed.), pp. 7-8.
Spearman v. State,
Foshey v. Foskey,
See
Gober v. State,