Ward v. People

30 Mich. 116 | Mich. | 1874

Christiancy, J.

The only question in this case is, when a defendant brought before a justice of tbe peace upon a criminal complaint for a simple assault and battery, triable by a justice’s court under chapter 94 of the Revised Statutes of 1846 (Comp. L. of 1871, chapter 179), haying pleaded not guilty, and being asked by tbe justice if be wishes a trial by a jury, declares that be does not, and submits to a trial without calling for a jury, whether, under our constitution, a trial by tbe justice without a jury, is valid; or whether it must be regarded as a violation of tbe defendant’s constitutional rights.

The statute in question (Sec. 6, Chap. 179, Comp. L. of 1871) not only provides that be may be tried by tbe juatice under such, circumstances, but that the justice may proceed to try the issue and determine the case “ if no jury be demanded.”

The constitution (Article 6, Sec. 18) provides that justices of the peace “shall have such criminal jurisdiction, and perform such duties, as shall be prescribed by the legislature.” But the section upon which the plaintiff in error relies is section 27 of the same article, which is in these words: “The right of trial by jury shall remain, but shall be deemed to be waived in all civil cases, unless demanded by one of the parties in such manner as shall be prescribed by law.”

It is very clear that this section in its application to criminal cases, does not authorize any implied waiver of a jury from the silence of a defendant, or his mere failure to demand a jury; and in my opinion (though the point does not arise here), in a criminal case, where, under our humane system of administering criminal law, nothing is to be inferred against a prisoner for his standing mute, he cannot properly be regarded as having waived a jury — a trial by which is generally esteemed a privilege — by merely failing to demand it, notwithstanding the statute cited so provides. But upon this point, as it, is not necessarily involved, my brethren express no opinion. But it is further insisted by the plaintiff in error .that the provisions of section 27, article 6 of the constitution, above cited, expressly providing that the rights of trial by jury shall be deemed to be waived in civil cases, unless demanded, etc., involves an implied prohibition against any waiver of trial by jury in a criminal cause. But while I think it may be regarded as an implied prohibition against having the mere failure of the defendant to demand a jury trial treated as a waiver of such trial, I do not think there is any thing in the provision which prevents the defendant from expressly electing whether he Will have a jury trial, or be tried by the court without a jury.

The law secures to him the right of being tried in either way, as he may prefer, and though a trial by jury might generally be considered as more advantageous to a defendant, yet, he may sometimes prefer to be tried by the conrt without a jury; and, if he deems it a privilege to be thus tried, it certainly cannot be any violation of his constitutional rights to allow him to make that election by an express declaration that he does not wish to be tried by a jury.

There is nothing in Hill v. People, 16 Mich., 351, which conflicts with this conclusion.

The judgment of the circuit court, affirming the judgment of the justice, must therefore be affirmed.

The other Justices concurred.