100 S.E. 176 | N.C. | 1919
This action was begun under ch. 24, Laws 1919, which was enacted as a substitute for Rev. 1567, by the plaintiff against her husband "to have a reasonable subsistence allotted and paid or secured to her from the estate or earnings of her husband." The summons was issued 29 April, 1919, returnable 12 May, 1919. The verified complaint used as an affidavit, upon which the warrant of attachment issued, avers that the defendant in July, 1917, abandoned the plaintiff and the child of the marriage in New York, and, returning to Bertie County, brought a suit for the annulment of said marriage. The plaintiff herein defended the action and obtained judgment that the marriage was in all respects legal and binding. During the pendency of said action she obtained an order from the court that the defendant should pay her $10 monthly from 1 December, 1917, to 1 July, 1918, and the further sum of $50 as counsel fees, which he failed to do. A motion to attach him for contempt for failure to obey the order was continued to be heard later. It is further averred in the complaint, used as an affidavit, that the defendant was indicted under Rev. 3355 and 3357, for abandonment, and gave bond, but left the State with the expressed purpose and intent of placing himself beyond the jurisdiction of the court, and since that time has been a fugitive from justice and a nonresident. The plaintiff further avers that the defendant is a strong and able-bodied man earning $75 per month, and since his abandonment has inherited an interest in land in Bertie County described in the petition, and asks that she be allowed $50 per month for the support of herself and child and an allowance for counsel fees, and that the interest of the defendant be condemned to the payment of said amounts, and for an attachment in this cause against said property. The warrant was duly issued and served upon the real estate of the defendant in said county, and the court ordered the summons to (75) be served by publication.
The defendant appearing through counsel specially moved to dismiss the warrant of attachment. This was allowed, and the plaintiff appealed.
The question presented is the right of the plaintiff to a warrant of attachment as an ancillary remedy to her cause of action. Chapter 24, Laws 1919, prescribes that the wife abandoned by her husband is entitled "to have a reasonable subsistence allotted and paid or secured to her from the estate or earnings of her husband."
This gives the wife who has been abandoned a remedy both in personam and in rem. The attachment is to secure the property so that it may be held to satisfy the judgment when rendered and also as a basis for publication of the summons. The wife has always had *80 the remedy of garnisheeing the salary or wages of her husband in such cases, and she is entitled to an attachment of the property for the same reason. Otherwise the defendant, pending litigation, can sell or convey his property, or creditors may attach it for debt or obtain prior liens by judgment.
The defendant contends that an attachment does not lie under Rev. 758, unless there is a breach of contract express or implied. We are of opinion that the husband is under an implied contract for he is primarily liable for the support and maintenance of his wife. Levi v. Marsha,
In Archbell v. Archbell,
This obligation is declared and enforced by statute, and this action therefore by the wife is on the implied contract. The defendant being a nonresident of this State and a fugitive from justice, the warrant of attachment properly issued under Rev. 758, for such cause.
An attachment lies for unliquidated damages arising out of breach of contract. Foushee v. Owen,
The only way the court could obtain jurisdiction of the defendant and his property in this case is by attachment. Everitt v. Austin,
Besides, the plaintiff is also seeking to enforce the judgment of $120 for alimony and counsel fees allowed in the former action, which judgment is an implied contract.
In Pennington v. Bank,
The following cases from other States also sustain the rule that alimony may be enforced by seizing the property of the absent defendant by attachment or similar process at the commencement of the suit. Hanscom v.Hanscom,
The following sustain the proposition that "the wife's inchoate right to alimony makes her a creditor of the husband": Livermon v. Boutelle, 11 Gray 217; Thurston v. Thurston, supra; Murray v. Murray,
Another case on all-fours with the present is Pendleton v. Pendleton, 112 S.W. (Ky.) 674, which holds that where a husband, having an interest in real estate, left the State and remained away for about a year, and during that time failed to contribute to the support of his wife and children, the court properly sustained an attachment against his property to enforce such support.
The wife's remedy by attachment puts every one on notice of her claim, and she does not lose any priority as against the other creditors of the husband. If the attachment was denied her the husband could sell the property or permit it to be exhausted by other judgments, thus making the decree for alimony (77) nugatory when obtained. The wife and children in the meantime would be left destitute.
The order dissolving the attachment must be reversed and the attachment reinstated.
The plaintiff further contends that the court committed error in refusing to grant her motion to strike out the special appearance of counsel upon the ground that the defendant, being a fugitive from justice and absent from the State, "stands in the attitude of *82
defiance to its power," as was said in Cromer v. Sell,
We need not pass upon this question as the plaintiff is entitled to reinstatement of her attachment, but we think the court should at least have required counsel for defendant to file written authority from the defendants as required by Rev. 213.
Reversed.
Cited: White v. White,