Walters v. Seattle, Renton & Southern Railway Co.
93 P. 419
Wash.
1908
Check Treatment
Fullerton, J.

The appellant owns and operates an electric railway extending from the city of Seattle to the town of Rentоn, in King county. On August 13, 1906, the respondent ivas a passenger on one of the appellant’s cars, and was injured by a collision which оccurred between the car on Avhich she Avas riding and a car coming from the ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌‍opposite direction. This action was brought to recover damages for the injuries received. At the trial the jury returned a verdict in favor of respondent for the sum of $5,000. Thе trial judge deemed the recovery excessive, and reduced it to $3,000, offering the respondent the alternative of aсcepting it as’reduced *235or submitting to a new trial. The respondent accepted the modified verdict, ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌‍and the judgment from which this аppeal is taken was entered thereon.

The appellant requested an instruction to the effect that if the cаr which collided with the car on which the respondent was riding came in contact with some clay which had been depositеd upon the track “by some agency not under the control of the defendant,” and that when the car wheels struck such clay thе car, by- reason of coming in contact therewith, shot forward, and that the motorman thereon did all in his power to stop the car before it came into collision with the car on which the appellant was a passenger, but could not with the highеst degree of care have prevented the collision, and the motorman on the other car was guilty of no negligence, then the appellant would not be liable for the collision or liable in ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌‍damages to the respondent for her injuries. This instruсtion the court properly refused. It does not correctly measure the appellant’s duties. For a railway company carrying passengers to show merely that a collision was caused by some obstruction of the track, caused by an аgency over which it had no control, is not enough to excuse it from responsibility for a collision. It must go further and show that it could nо t by the highest degree of care and diligence consistent with the practical operation of its railway have discovered and removed the obstruction prior to the time it operated its cars over the track. The instruction requested omitted this qualification and was therefore incorrect as a statement of the law.

The court charged the jury in substance thаt the happening of the collision raised a presumption of negligence on the part of the railway company, and that the respondent was entitled to recover thereon unless they were convinced that the ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌‍evidence on thе part of the railway company overcame this presumption. The appellant admits the correctness of the rule as applied in this jurisdiction, but contends that there was, here no room for its application, as the respondent did *236not content herself with alleging generally that she was a passenger on the car, that a collision occurred, and that shе was injured thereby, but went further and ‍​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌​​‌​​​​‌‌‌​​​‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌‍alleged particularly the cause of the accident, and that since she alleged the cause of the accident she must prove it as alleged or subject herself to a nonsuit.

This contention is not tenable. The plaintiff was not deprived of the case proved by a failure to prove all that was alleged. She was only obligated to prove the substance of the issue, and by the substance of the issue is meant the facts essential to a recovery. “The rule is, that whatever cannot be stricken out without getting rid of a part essential to a cause of action must be retained, аnd, of course, proved even if it be described with unnecessary particularity.” In this case all that pertained to the pаrticular cause of the accident could have been stricken out and still enough remain to warrant a recovery. Thе particular cause of the accident was not, therefore, of the substance of the issue, and it was not necessary for the appellant to prove it in order to recover, even though it was alleged. Doubtless, in many cases, it is desirable to plead and prove the exact cause of an accident in order that the question of the defendant’s negligence may be put beyond the peradventure of a doubt and thus insure a recovery, where otherwise recovery might be dоubtful if the presumption alone were relied upon. Such was perhaps the purpose of the plaintiff in this instance. But the plaintiff is not to be deprived of the case her pleadings and proofs made merely because she alleged a stronger case than she was able to prove. Cassady v. Old Colony St. R. Co., 184 Mass. 156, 68 N. E. 10; Chicago City R. Co. v. Carroll, 206 Ill. 318, 68 N. E. 1087; North Chicago St. R. Co. v. Cotton, 140 Ill. 486, 29 N. E. 899; Wood v. Roxborough etc. Pass. N. Co., 12 Montg. Co. Rep. (Pa.) 155.

A Mr. Johnson, who had formerly been a motorman in the employ of the Seattlе Electric Company, was called as a wit*237ness on the part of respondent and testified as to the proper method of stopping a car when on a grade such as the one on which the accident in question happened. On cross-еxamination he testified that he had been on the police force of the city of Seattle since he quit work for the Seattle Electric Companj’, but was dismissed therefrom because of certain charges which were preferred against him. Hе was asked what the charges were, and declined to answer. The question was repeated, when an objection was interposed which the court sustained. It is claimed that this was error, but we think the ruling proper. The witness was being questioned on a collаteral matter which could affect only his credibility generally; not his credibility as a witness to the particular fact under considеration or as a witness in the particular case. When such is the fact, a witness may decline to answer questions whose only purpose is to degrade him, or expose him to disgrace or infamy. That such was the purpose of this question cannot, of сourse, be gainsaid.

It is finally insisted that the amount of recovery is excessive notwithstanding the reduction made by the trial judge. But we have examined the evidence on this question and see no sufficient reason for a further reduction.

The judgment is affirmed.

Hadley, C. J., Crow, Rudkin, and Dunbar, JJ., concur.

Mount and Root, JJ., took no part.