80 S.E. 49 | N.C. | 1913
Action to recover damages for physical injuries caused by the alleged negligence of the defendant company in the selection of a fellow-employee.
There was evidence on the part of plaintiff tending to show that, on 9 November, 1911, the plaintiff, an employee of the defendant company, was engaged in operating a ripsaw, making pieces for door panels; that the work is ordinarily done by two persons, one a feeder, who pushes the lumber or material onto the saw, and the other the "tailer," who draws the piece away from the saw; a witness saying: "The tailer takes hold of it and holds the plank down to the table to keep it from flying up until it gets through the saw. He then lays the plank down"; that *433 the work requires careful and continuous attention, and if the tailer raises the material before it is severed or before it is clear of the saw, it is not unlikely to be caught and hurled backward, causing injury to the other operator, the feeder; that on the occasion in question the plaintiff's regular assistant, Roberts, having been called away, one Milton Carden, another employee, was sent to do his work; that Carden had not been engaged in this or other work of like kind, and, soon after he commenced, being inattentive and looking away from his work, he raised the piece of material before it was sawed or before it was clear of the saw; that same was caught and thrown against the plaintiff with great force, causing serious and very painful injuries. (539)
In endeavoring to develop his case before the court and jury, plaintiff offered to prove that said Milton Carden had the general reputation of being careless and inattentive and unfitted for work of this kind. The evidence was excluded, and plaintiff excepted.
Again, the plaintiff offered evidence tending to show that said Milton Carden was habitually careless and inattentive to his duties, and had been observantly so during the time he was in the employment of defendant, more than a year. Proof excluded, and plaintiff excepted. In this connection, among others, a witness by the name of W. F. Stanly was asked the following question:
"Q. State whether or not Mr. Carden had the habit of looking away from his work and not giving attention to the work that he was engaged in."
The defendant objected to this question. Counsel for plaintiff explained that the purpose of the question submitted to the witness Stanly was to show that Mr. Carden, an employee of the defendant company, who was working with the plaintiff at the time of the injury, was incompetent and was in the habit of neglecting his work, and that this fact was known to the defendant company. The objection was sustained, and the plaintiff excepted.
This witness was also asked if, in his opinion, Carden was competent for the work he was then engaged in, and question was excluded and plaintiff excepted.
Again, a witness by the name of W. E. Young testified that he was foreman of defendant company for some time prior to 1910, having supervision over Carden and with power to employ and discharge labor, etc., but was not now in the company's employment. This witness was asked the question:
"Q. State whether or not as foreman of the defendant you knew the habits and character of Mr. Carden as a workman at the time you and he worked with the defendant company." *434
To the foregoing question the defendant objected. The objection was sustained, and plaintiff excepted.
Counsel for plaintiff explained the question was asked for the (540) purpose of showing that Mr. Carden was incompetent as a workman and that he was inattentive to his work; that he had a habit of looking away from his work and laughing and talking to others, and that this was before the injury, and that these facts were known to this witness, as foreman of the defendant company's mill. He was not foreman at the time the injury occurred, but Mr. Higby was foreman.
Question was excluded, and plaintiff excepted.
This witness was afterwards recalled and stated, without objection: "Had worked for some time, a year or two with Mr. Carden at defendant's plant. He had a way of stopping and speaking to any one, and he would catch hold of them when they would come by, and I had to speak to him about it more than once, occasionally. If any one came by, close by, he would turn around and speak to them over a job whenever he was at work." And again: "What I have noticed and described was just a common habit he had. I know his general reputation in this particular at the mill. I was in a position in the mill invested with power to employ and discharge labor."
Cross-examination: "I left the employ of the defendant company in January, 1910; worked with the defendant, the Durham Lumber Company. Mr. Carden was a grown man. He worked there a long time; don't remember how long. Mr. Carden was a man of sense and intelligence enough to know how to take the boards away from that saw if he paid attention to it."
Several witnesses for defendant testified that Carden had sufficient sense and intelligence to do this work, and it was further disclosed, on cross-examination of some of these witnesses, that while in defendant's employment he was "careless and inattentive and was rough and careless in the way he did his work," etc.
On motion, there was judgment of nonsuit. Plaintiff excepted and appealed.
After stating the case: It is the very generally accepted principle, unless otherwise provided by statute, as it is in this State in the case of railroads, that an employer of labor is not responsible for injuries to an employee attributable solely to the negligence of a fellow-servant. Haginsv. R. R.,
In making out the proof required to fix the employer with liability on an issue of this character, it is very generally held that testimony *436
of the general reputation of the fellow-servant for incompetency is admissible, and also of habitual carelessness and inattention on his part tending to show that he was unfitted for the work in which he was engaged; and, by the great weight of authority, it is also held that specific acts of negligence or carelessness and inattention on the part of the offending fellow-servant should be received, not to show that there was negligence in the particular case being investigated, but in so far as they may tend to establish the character of incompetency and that the same was known to the master or should have been in the exercise of the duties incumbent upon him as an employer of labor.Ally v. Pipe Co.,
The Courts of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts seem to have rejected the evidence of specific acts of negligence for any purpose, on the ground, chiefly, that such evidence tends to unduly multiply the issues; but, as heretofore stated, we think the weight of authority and the better reason sustain the admissibility of the evidence for the purpose and under the circumstances indicated.
Applying these principles, we are of opinion that the evidence offered by plaintiff tending to show the general reputation of Milton Carden, the fellow-servant, should have been received; that the question as propounded to the witness W. E. Young, as to the habits and character of Carden as a workman while under the witness as foreman of defendant's work, was also relevant to the extent that it tended to fix the character of Carden as an incompetent employee and under circumstances from which *437
knowledge on the part of the master might be reasonably inferred; and if it is established that knowledge of the kind indicated came to this witness in the course and scope of his duties as vice principal of defendant, it would fix the company with notice as a conclusion of law, and the fact that the witness had subsequently left the employment of the company would not affect the result (Fishblate v. Fidelity Co.,
As the case goes back for a further hearing, we do not consider it desirable to make detailed or specific reference to the inferences permissible on the testimony, but, applying the well established rule that, when there has been a judgment of nonsuit, under the statute the evidence making for validity of plaintiff's claim must be taken as true and interpreted in the light most favorable to him, we are clearly of opinion that the question of defendant's liability should have been referred to the jury on the issues raised by the pleadings and under the principles as heretofore stated.
On the question asked of the witness W. F. Stanly, and excluded, whether, in his opinion, Milton Carden was competent for the work in which he was then engaged, there are decided cases of authority in support of his Honor's ruling. Troy Fertilizer Co. v. Logan,
We are not prepared to say that the principles sustained by these decisions should apply to all instances nor to any and every class of employees, but, having regard to the character of work and on the facts presented, we hold that the authorities referred to should be allowed as controlling, and that, in the present case, the question was properly excluded.
For the errors indicated, the judgment of nonsuit will be set aside, that the case may be referred to the jury under proper instructions.
Reversed.
Cited: S. c.,