2 Port. 38 | Ala. | 1835
This is an action brought by the plaintiff in error, in the Circuit Court of Perry county, to recover possession of a piece of land in possession of, and claimed by the defendant. At the trial below, a bill of exceptions was taken, which presents the following state of facts.
The plaintiff gave in evidence a patent from the United States, for the south east quarter of section eight, township eighteen, range ten, containing one hundred and sixty 70-100 acres, and, that the defendant was in possession of, and claimed the east' half of the south west quarter of the same section. He further proved, that by an accurate survey of the whole section, it was found to contain six hundred and fifty two 87-100 acres, and that to give the plaintiff one fourth of this section, it would take about one and a half acres from that in possession of, and enclosed by the defendant. It appeared, by the evidence of the county surveyor, that the half mile stake on the south line of the section was missing; but that by running a line from where he supposed it to have been, judging from the fore arid aft trees, north, to the middle of the section, and from thence east to the east line of the section, there would be found within those lines the quantity called for by the plaintiff’s patent, and that that those lines so run, would not bring the defendant within them — but that by placing the kali mile stake at the centre of the south line of the section, and thence running to the centre of the section, so as to give the plaintiff one fourth of the entire section, it would take, as before stated, one and one half acres of the defendant’s possessions.
Upon this state of facts, the Court below instrupted the jury, that if by running the line from the half mile stake, or if missing, from where it was supposed to
The correctness of this instruction, is brought before this Court for examination, and the case has been submitted without argument.
■ The titles' to lands in this state, are derived from grants by the United States, and are made under surveys regulated bylaws of the United States. By the act of 1796, providing for the sale of the lands of the United States north of the river Ohio, and which is the parent act of all our land laws, the principles upon which surveys are made, are prescribed. By the second section of that act, the lands are to be divided by north and south lines, run according to the true meridian, and by others crossing them at right angles, so as to form townships of six miles square. The corners of the townships are to be marked with progressive numbers from the beginning ; each distance of a mile between the corners shall be distinctly marked with marks different from those of the corners.— These townships are to be divided into sections containing, nearly-as may he, six hundred and forty acres, by running through the same, each way, parallel lines,
By an act passed the 11th February, 1805,
The first principle declares, “ that all the corners marked in the surveys shall be established as the proper corners of sections or subdivisions of sections which they were intended to designate; and the corners of half and quarter sections, not marked on the said surveys, shall be placed, as nearly as possible, equidistant from those two corners which stand on the same line.”
By the second principle, each section or sub-division of section, the contents of which shall have been returned by the Surveyor-General, shall be held and considered to contain- the exact quantity expressed in the return so made; and the half sections and quarter sections, the contents whereof shall not have been .returned, shall be held and considered as containing the
By this it will be seen that the corners of sections are definitively established, and cannot be altered that the half and quarter sections are not actually run ■out, but that the half mile corners are to be placed, as nearly as possible, equidistant between the corners of •sections, and that the purchaser of a half or quarter section will be entitled to the half or quarter of the returned contents of the section of which it forms a part. It so happens, however, that a section -sometimes contains more, than by the returned contents from the surveys, it appears to have-, and in some cases less. In the present case, it contains twelve 37-100 acres more, than that prescribed by law.— Where there are different owners in the same section, how is this excess to be divided ? If the half mile posts or corners are equidistant between the corners of the section, there can be no difficulty : for, by running to the exact center of the section, from each post, the parts will be equal. It is only when there is an ■error in not placing the half mile post or corner at the ' center of the line of the section, that the inequality occurs. By law, these corners are not declared to be “established as the proper corners,” as is done in the case of sections ; to disturb which would distract a whole township : but they are to be as “ nearly equidistant as possible from the corners of the section and if there is an error found in that particular, by which one person owning one half or quarter of a sec-tion, has got possession of more than the half or quarter, it is the opinion of the Court that this error can be corrected. The propriety of this distinction is obvious. In the case of sections, the government has fixed and established the boundaries, marked the lines,
The expression in the act, that the sections and subdivisions shall be held and considered as “ containing the exact quantity expressed in the returns,” is equivalent to the expression in a deed, conveying-lands by metes and bounds, and stating the quantity of acres, “ be the same more or less.” Here, the pur-, chaser takes what is within the bounds, without reference to the exact amount there may happen to be.
From this view of the case, it follows, that the Circuit Court erred in its instruction to the jury; and, therefore, the cause must be reversed, and remanded.
3d Vol. Law's U. S. p. 637.