63 F. 552 | U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Northern California | 1894
This action is of the same character as Consolidated Wyoming Gold Min. Co. v. Champion Min. Co., just decided, 63 Fed. 540, and may be said to be a companion case, as it involves the title to a small segment of mining ground of the “contact” vein situate further south. The Providence mine was located in July, 1857, in conformity with the local rules and regulations of the miners in the mining district where the claim is located. On the 28th of April, 1871, a patent was obtained from the government' of the United States for 3,100 linear feet of the Providence lode, and for certain surface ground of irregular shape and form. This patent was issued under the provisions of the act of congress of July, 1866, and the grant was “restricted to one vein, ledge, or lode,” and to the surface ground, particularly described by metes and bounds. Complainant derives Ms title to the Providence lode under said patent as a cotenant. The responden!, is the owner of the mining claims and ground known as the “Hew Year’s” and “Hew Year’s Extension.” Its right to these claims was acquired subsequent to the act of congress of 1872, and is evidenced by a receipt and certificate of purchase from the United States land office, which is the equivalent of a patent. The original location of the Hew Year’s Extension on its southeasterly side overlapped upon the surface of the Providence mine in the form of a triangle. In 1884, the owners of the Providence objected to this overlap upon their patented ground, and the result of this objection was that the respondent caused a relocation to be made by its superintendent, abandoning such portions of the lode and surface ground as were within the patented surface lines o£ the Providence. The notice of location of the Hew Year’s Extension, omitting certain portions, reads as follows:
“Tlie lode line of this claim as originally located, and which I hereby relocate, is described as follows: Commencing at a point on the northerly bank of Deor creek, which point is 80 feet S., 11 deg. 45 minutes east, of the month of the New Year’s tunnel, and running thence along the line of tlie lode towards the N. E. corner of the Providence mill, about S., 40 deg. 15 minutes east, 200 feet, more or less, to a point and slake on the northerly line of the Providence mine, patented, designated as ‘Mineral Lot No. 40,’ for the south end of said lode line. * * * And whereas, part of this claim as originally described, and as hereby relocated, conflicts with the rights granted by the letters patent of said Providence mine * * *: Now, therefore, so much of this claim, both for lode and surface ground, as originally designated, conflicted or now conflicts with any portion of the surface or lode*554 claims or rights granted hy said patent is and are hereby abandoned. Which portion of this claim so abandoned is described as follows: All that portion of the above-described New Year’s Extension claim, for surface and lode, which lies south of the northern boundary line of said Providence mine, which runs north, 43 deg. 10 min. east, across the S. eastern corner of this claim.”
Numerous maps, diagrams, and models were offered by the respective parties. The following diagram is deemed sufficient to illustrate and explain the contention of the respective parties:
The case was argued ingeniously, with much zeal, force, and ability, upon both sides, and numerous questions of both law and fact were earnestly pressed upon the attention of the court in favor of the respective contentions. Many of the points thus presented were, as in the Consolidated Wyoming Case, novel and new, and all of them were exceedingly interesting, and have received a careful consideration. I shall content myself, however, by stating what is believed to he the proper construction of the statutes of the United states, and announce my conclusion upon the questions involved without attempting to discuss all the legal points advanced by counsel.
“The act of 1872 is more explicit in its terms, hut the intent is undoubtedly the same as it respects end lines and side lines and the right to follow the dip outside of the latter. We think that the intent of both statutes is that mining locations on lodes or veins shall be made thereon lengthwise, in the general direction of such veins or lodes on the surface of the earth where they are discoverable; and that the end lines are to cross the lode and extend*557 perpendicularly downwards, and to be continued in tbeir own direction either way horizontally; and that the right to follow the dip outside of the side lines is based on the hypo-thesis that the direction of these lines corresponds substantially with the course of the lode or vein at its apex on or near the surface.”
See, also, Iron Silver Min. Co. v. Elgin Min., etc., Co., 118 U. S. 208, 6 Sup. Ct. 1177; The Eureka Case, 4 Sawy. 323, Fed. Cas. No. 4,548; McCormick v. Varnes, 2 Utah, 355,9 Morr. Min. Rep. 505.
The patent to the Providence mine was confined to the Providence lode and to the surface ground as surveyed and marked on the diagram filed in the land office. It granted no right to the owners of the Providence to the “back” vein. It was a grant to the Providence lode only, and in express terms excluded all others. The effect of the act of 1872 was to grant to the owners of the Providence surface location all other “veins, lodes, and ledges throughout their entire depth, the top or apex of which lies inside of such surface lines extended downward vertically, in whatever course or direction they might run.” In Wilhelm v. Silvester, 35 Pac. 997, the supreme court of California, in discussing this question, after quoting from section 2322 of the Revised Statutes, said:
“This language is clear and explicit, and in designating the property rights of locators is in no wise ambiguous or uncertain. It expressly, and in language which needs no construction, grants to such locators every ledge or lodo the top or apex of which lies within the surface lines of the location; that is, such part of the ledge as lies within such lines. And there is no limitation or exception of any such ledgo on account of the direction it may run. It may be parallel with the original discovered ledge, or may approach it at right angles, or at an obtuso angle, or at an acute angle; it may intersect it or not; and still it may- be clearly within the language of the said section.”
The act of 3872, in granting all other veins that were within the surface lines of previous locations, did not create any new lines for such other veins, nor invest the court with any authority to make new end lines for such other veins. And it is apparent from an examination of the statute that the court has no power to make a new location for every vein that may be found within the surface lines of the location, and thereby enlarge the rights of the original locators. When the end lines of a mining location are once fixed, they bound the extralateral rights to all the lodes that are thereafter found within the surface lines of the location. It necessarily follows that the end lines of the Providence survey must be considered by the court as the end lines of any and all other lodes or veins which lie “inside of such surface lines;” otherwise endless confusion would arise in the construction of the statute. End lines would have to be constructed in different directions if the separate lodes or veins found within the surface lines did not ran parallel with each other, and the result would be that these lines extended might give to the owners of the claims a greater length along the lode as it extended downward than they had upon the surface. If the same end lines which bind the extralateral rights of the Providence surface survey apply to the contact vein and to all other veins, if any are hereafter found, then no such difficulty can arise. This is the rale that applies to all locations made after the act of 1872, and it ought not to
It is settled by the decision of the supreme court of the United States in Iron Silver Min. Co. v. Elgin Min., etc., Co., that the same end lines bound all extralateral rights as to all veins or lodes within the surface boundaries of the claim. Justice Field, in delivering the opinion of the court, speaking of the rights of locators of mining ground to follow the lode in its depth, said:
“It often happens that the top or apex of more than one vein lies within, such surface Unes, and the veins may have different courses and dips, yet his right to follow them outside of the side lines of the location must be bound by planes drawn vertically through the same end lines. The planes of the end lines cannot be drawn at right angles to the courses of all the veins if they are not identical.”
In the present case the end lines of the Providence—a, p, and g, h —‘are conceded to be substantially parallel with each other, and that the Providence lode, in its course lengthwise, passes these end lines. Complainant’s contention would take the “back” or “contact” vein outside of the plane of the northerly end line of the Providence drawn downward vertically, and give to him extralateral rights-not granted by the patent, nor given to him by the granting provisions of the act of 1872. But in this connection it,is argued by complainant that respondent is estopped from asserting any claim to any vein or lode lying southerly from the line f, g, because: (1) In its relocation of the New Year’s Extension claim it recognized and: designated that line as the “northerly end line of the Providence mine,” and expressly abandoned all that portion of the original Yew Year’s Extension claim “for surface and lode which lies south of the northern boundary line of said Providence mine, which runs north, 48 deg. 10 min. east, across the S. eastern corner of this claim.” (2) Testimony was offered, and admitted, against the objection of respondent, tending to show a further estoppel, which was to the effect that before the Champion shaft was started the plans therefor were submitted, by the then superintendent, to the board of directors of respondent, and approved by it, and that the shaft was sunk, in pur-: suance of such plans, parallel with the line f, g, extended in the direction of g; and that the superintendent had conversations about that time with complainant and his brother, a co-owner in the Providence, and stated that he would never interfere with that line, and would never cross it, and that this line was practically agreed upon by them at that time as the boundary line between the two claims. This testimony, giving it full scope and effect, is not sufficient to create an equitable estoppel. The corporation is not bound by such declarations of its superintendent, made without the scope of his agency or authority from the corporation.' If respondent was given the line for which it contends, it would take that portion of the lode which it expressly abandoned by its relocation. The abandonment, which is binding upon it, was to any and all lodes within the surface boundaries of the Providence location and survey; but this abandonment or agreement, or whatever it may be called, did not give to the