Wallace v. State

May 8, 1917
6 Div. 123.
Reporters:
, ,
Before:
Brioken
BRIOKEN, J.

Thе defendant was indicted, tried, and convicted under an indictment charging him with being a vagrant. Prom the judgment of conviction he appeals, and insists that the court erred in several instances upon its rulings on the evidence, and in overruling the motion of the defendant to exclude the evidenсe of the state on the ground that the proof was not sufficient to make out a prima facie case. It is also insisted that the court erred in overruling the defendant’s objection to certain parts of tbe argument of the solicitor, and further that the court erred in overruling objеction of tbe defendant to a portion of its oral charge, and also in refusing certain written charges requested by defendant.

The rulings of the court complained of, and to which exceptions were reserved, relative to the admission and exclusion of the evidence in this case, do not appear to be free from error prejudicial to tbe substantial rights of tbe defendant. Koch v. State, 115 Ala. 99, 22 South. 471; Brown v. State, 9 Ala. App. 15, 64 South. 170. However, аs the case must necessarily be reversed on other propositions, it is not deemed necessary ‍‌​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍or essential to discuss in detail the sеveral rulings of the court on these- questions.

[1 ] “Vagrancy” is defined by statute. Code 1907, § 7843. In the instant case it is evident from the proof offered by the state that a conviction was sought under subdivisions 1, 2, 3, and 13 of said section 7843, supra, which are as follows:

“(1) Any person who wanders or strolls about in idleness, or lives in idleness, ‍‌​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍who is аble to work, and has no property sufficient for his support.
“(2) Any person leading an idle, immoral, or profligate life, who has no propеrty sufficient for his support, and who is able to work, and’ does not work.
“(3) Any able-bodied person having no property sufficient for his support, who loafs, loiters, or idles in any city, town, or village, or upon a public highway, or about a steamboat landing, or a railroad station, or any othеr public place in this state, or any place where intoxicating liquor ^ is sold, without any regular employment.
“(13) Any person over the age оf twenty-one years, able to work, and who does not work, and has no property sufficient ‍‌​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍for his support, and has not some means of a fair, honest, and reputable livelihood, is a vagrant.”

It will be seen that under each of the subdivisions supra a conviction can only be bad in instanсes where the proof shows that the defendant has no property sufficient for his support, or has not some means of a fair, honest, аnd reputable livelihood. Under the statute, however (Code 1907, § 7845), this is a defensive matter, and the burden of proof rests upon tbe defendant, and nоt upon tbe state, to establish the fact that the defendant has property sufficient for his support, or means of a fair, honest, and reрutable *86 livelihood, which, under a proper construction of this statute, means the same thing.

[2] In the instant case it would appear that the еvidence offered by the state, and upon which it relied for a conviction, also disclosed the fact, which was undisputed throughout the wholе trial, that the defendant had and owned and conducted all during the period of time covered by the indictment a place of business in the city of Birmingham in which he regularly employed two to four men; that said business was conducted under a license duly granted the defendant by the city, and cоnsisted of a soft drink stand and also a bootblack stand; and that the defendant was always seen near or at his place of business, or going to or coming from his home, which was near by. Certainly it cannot he insisted that this character of business does not afford a means of a fair, honеst, and reputable livelihood, and, if it does, there can be no conviction under either of the subdivisions supra if the evidence before the jury, whether ‍‌​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍brought out by the state or by the defendant, is without conflict on the proposition and discloses the undisputed fact, as in this case, that thе defendant did own and conduct a business of this character. Furthermore, it does not appear from any of the evidence offered by the state that the defendant was able to work or that he was an able-bodied person; the evidence seems to be absolutely silеnt on this proposition, and before a prima facie ease can be made out this material fact, like any other material fаct, must be proven to the satisfaction of the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. Hence it follows that the court erred in. not granting the motion made by the defendant at the close of the state’s case to exclude the testimony on the ground that the state had failed to .makе out a prima facie case as required by law. The motion was timely, and under the evidence in this case it should have been granted.

[3] It is well settled in this state that a motion to exclude the evidence in a civil case is improper, but, instead, should be taken advantage of by requesting the general charge in writing; but in criminal cases it is proper to make a motion to exclude the evidence where the proof shоws that the state has failed to make out a prima facie case, and the practice of entertaining a motion to exclude all the evidence offered by the state and discharge the defendant as a test of its sufficiency to sustain the indictment has been expressly approved by the Supreme Court and this court in Taylor v. State, 72 South. 557; 1 Randolph v. State, 100 Ala. 139, 14 South. 792; Oldacre v. State, 5 Ala. App. 187, 59 South. 715.

[4] The next insistence of error relates to the overruling by the court, of the dеfendant’s objection to the argument of the solicitor. The portion of the solicitor’s argument complained of is as follows:

“The defеndant Wallace associated with men like Abe Seigel, Frank Moragne, Jim Brannon, and ‍‌​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌‌​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​‌​​‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‍negroes like tbese rob and kill, and a man like defendant runs thе game and gets the money.”

A careful examination of the entire evidence in this case fails to disclose any fact or circumstanсe upon which this argument could properly be predicated. The names of no such parties as Abe Seigel, Frank Moragne, and Jim Brannon were mentioned in the testimony of any witness in this ease, either in behalf of the state or the defendant. The testimony also fails to show that “negrоes like these rob and kill,” and neither does the testimony show that the defendant “runs the game and gets the money.” This argument on the part of the soliсitor appears to be a statement of fact which -had no connection with this case, and was therefore wholly unauthorized and improper, and was calculated to be very prejudicial to the defendant. The objection thereto was well taken, and should havе been sustained, and the court erred in overruling the objection. Dollar v. State, 99 Ala. 236, 13 South. 575.

That portion of the oral charge of the court cоmplained of, and also the refusal of the written charges 1, 2, and 3 requested by the defendant, need not here be considered; as the same propositions are not likely to arise on another trial.

For the errors pointed out, the judgment of the lower court is reversed, and the cause remanded.

Reversed and remanded.