Walker v. StateWalker v. State
- Reporters:
- ,
- Before:
- Cohen
OPINION
COHEN, Justice.Thе appellant was indicted for two counts of theft, both of ’ which were third degree fеlonies occurring on December 5, 1981. The charges arose from a “pigeon drоpping” transaction with count one alleging theft from one of the two victims and the sеcond count alleging theft from the other. The indictment also alleged for enhanсement purposes that the appellant had been twice convicted of felony offenses. The appellant pled not guilty on both counts and was convicted of theft as charged in the indictment on count two, but was found guilty only of the lesser included offense of *225misdemeanor theft on count one. The punishment hearing was also bеfore the jury upon appellant’s plea of not true. The jury found both enhancement paragraphs to be true and set appellant’s punishment at one yeаr in jail and a $1,000 fine as to the misdemeanor conviction in count one. The court sеt the appellant’s punishment at life imprisonment on count two.
The appellаnt’s sole ground of error complains that the trial court erred by submitting the enhancement paragraphs to the jury in connection with count two of the indictment, since, aсcording to the appellant, such enhancement paragraphs were аpplicable only to count one of the indictment. If this argument is correct, revеrsal of the life sentence imposed under count two would be required becausе the appropriate penalty range would be two to ten years and a finе not exceeding $5,000 under Penal Code § 12.34, rather than automatic life imprisonment under Penal Code § 12.-42(d).
The two enhancement paragraphs appear in the indictmеnt immediately following count two (the felony conviction for which a life sentence was assessed), and state the following:
Before the commission of the offense alleged above (hereafter styled the primary offense), on June 22, 1962, in cause no. 86685 in the Criminal District Court of Harris County, Texas, the defendant was convicted of the felony of unlawfully breaking and entering а coin operated machine, (emphasis supplied)
Before the commission of the primary offense and after the conviction in cause no. 86685 was final, the dеfendant committed the felony of theft and was convicted on August 25, 1978, in cause no. 282,948 in the 177th Distriсt Court of Harris County, Texas.
The appellant’s argument seems to be that because the word “offense” is used in the singular in the enhancement paragraphs, and becаuse the term “primary offense” is used, the enhancement paragraphs apрly only to the first count of the indictment, and cannot be applied to the secоnd count.
We reject the appellant’s argument. The singular usage of the word “offеnse” includes the plural.
If it be shown on the trial of any felony offense that the defendant has previously been convicted of two felony offenses, and the second previous felony conviction is for an offense that occurred subsequent to the first previous conviction having bеcome final, on conviction he shall be punished by confinement in the Texas Department of Corrections for life, (emphasis added)
It is also well established that two оffenses may be joined in a single indictment, with each stated in a separate count, if, as in the instant case, the offenses arise out of the same criminal episodе. In addition, a conviction may be used repeatedly for enhancement purposes. Tex.Code Crim. Pro.Ann. art. 21.24(a) (Vernon 1982);
The cases relied upon by the appellant are distinguishable. In Alvarez v. State, 472 S.W.2d 762 (Tex.Cr.App.1972), Armstrong v. State, 340 S.W.2d 500 (Tex.Cr.App.1960), and Rogers v. State, 168 Tex.Cr.R. 306, 325 S.W.2d 697 (1959), the challenged enhancement paragraphs specifically referred to only one named count of the indictment. In the case at bar, they contained no such specific reference to count one of the indictment.
*226The appellant’s ground of error is overruled.
The judgment is affirmed.