224 Mich. 593 | Mich. | 1923
Lead Opinion
Defendant Marshall received serious injuries while a passenger on a train of the Wabash Railroad Company February 2, 1908. Two judgments in his favor were reversed by this court (Marshall v. Railroad Co., 163 Mich. 88, 171 Mich. 180). A judgment in his favor for $11,255.75 was affirmed March 18, 1915 (Marshall v. Railroad
We have been unable to check all the figures giving the capitalization of the company at the time of the appointment of the receivers. Some are given in the oral testimony and some in the exhibits. While the figures approximate, they do not in every instance
On April 28, 1915, the bondholders’ committee, the stockholders’ committee, and the joint reorganization committee prepared a plan of reorganization which, with the accompanying agreement, covers some 69 pages of the record. It contains much detail unnecessary to relate, but its predominating provisions contemplated the continued ownership of the property by the old stockholders, a substitute of the stock in the amount of 120 per cent, for the first refunding and extensions mortgage bonds, and incidentally a provision for assenting unsecured creditors. The provision for unsecured creditors will be presently considered. The plan provided for raising money to pay off receivership certificates then amounting, with interest, to upwards of $16,000,000 and the payment of
On March 26, 1920, an execution was issued' on the Marshall judgment. Either through the inadvertence of the clerk or the attorney this execution ran against the Wabash Railway Company, but it correctly described the Marshall judgment. Under it defendant Nutten, sheriff of Lenawee county, levied on certain real estate located in the city of Adrian and advertised the same for sale. Thereupon this bill was filed to restrain the sale and to remove the levy as a cloud on plaintiff’s title. Defendant Marshall answered and later, by way of amendment, claimed the benefit of a cross-bill. We are persuaded that the case must
1. It was within the power of the court to amend the execution so that it would run against the Wabash Railroad Company instead of the Wabash Railway Company (In re Davis, 218 Mich. 220). And this court may here make such amendment to save the decree (Peacock v. Railroad Co., 208 Mich. 408 [8 A. L. R. 964]; Youngs v. Advance-Rumely Thresher Co., 215 Mich. 682). Such an order will be here entered.
2. The affirmative relief prayed in the amended answer was in the nature of that of a creditor’s bill and in aid of execution. A court of equity is not without power to afford relief from fraud even though that fraud is perpetrated through the instrumentality of a decree of a court. In Raniak v. Pokorney, 198 Mich. 567, which was an independent suit in equity to afford relief from a decree fraudulently obtained, this court said:
“There can be no doubt of the authority of a court of equity to relieve against fraud, even to the extent of setting aside its own decrees when founded thereon.”
In the instant case it must be remembered defendant Marshall had no notice by publication or otherwise of the receivership proceedings. He was not made a party to it as he might have been had the parties desired to bind him by the decree. By these proceedings, which were pre-arranged and all of which were consented to by the railroad company, judgment debtor of Marshall, the new company acquired property which its president swore was worth $205,118,000 and which valuation is fairly sustained by some of the proofs, and for which it paid only the amount required to pay the receivers’ certificates and certain expenses, leaving. the underlying bonds and equipment obligations standing, or a total amount of considerably less than
“Corporations, insolvent or financially embarrassed, often find it necessary to scale their debts and readjust stock issues with an agreement to conduct the same business with the same property under a reorganization. This may be done in pursuance of a private contract between bondholders and stockholders. And though the corporate property is thereby transferred to a new company, having the same shareholders, the transaction would be binding between the parties. But, of course, such a transfer by stockholders from themselves to themselves cannot defeat the claim of a non-assenting creditor. As against him the sale is void in equity, regardless of the motive with which it was made. For if such contract reorganization was consummated in good faith and in ignorance of the existence of the creditor, yet when he appeared and established his debt the subordinate interest of the old stockholders would still be subject to his claim in the hands of the reorganized company. . Cf. San Francisco, etc., R. Co. v. Bee, 48 Cal. 398; Grenell v. Detroit Gas Co., 112 Mich. 70. There is no difference in principle if the contract of reorganization, instead of being effectuated by private sale, is consummated by a master’s deed under a consent decree. * * * For, if purposely*600 or unintentionally a single creditor was not paid, or provided for in the reorganization, he could assert his superior rights against the subordinate interests of the old stockholders in the property transferred to the new company. They were in the position of insolvent debtors who could not reserve an interest as against creditors. Their original contribution to the capital stock was subject to the payment of debts. The property was a trust fund charged primarily with the payment of corporate liabilities. Any device, whether by private contract or judicial sale under consent decree, whereby stockholders were preferred before the creditor was invalid. Being bound for the debts, the purchase of their property, by their new company, for their benefit, put the stockholders in the position of a mortgagor buying at his own, sale. If they did so in good faith and in ignorance of Boyd’s claim, they were none the less bound to recognize his superior right in the property, when years later his contingent claim was liquidated and established.”
That the Boyd Case is controlling here is made patent by a perusal of the dissenting opinion written by Mr. Justice Lurton in which many of the same arguments are advanced as are here advanced by plaintiff’s counsel. It is also there pointed out and emphasized that as here the proceedings were not adversary proceedings with all questions actually litigated in court but what was done was done by consent, the consent evidently being given to effectuate the purpose of keeping the property for the old stockholders. It will be noted that the prevailing opinion in the Boyd Case cites and relies on our own case of Grenell v. Detroit Gas Co., 112 Mich. 70. In that case the transfer of the assets of the Michigan Gas Company to the Detroit Gas Company was by an exchange) of the stock in the old company for that of the new. The complainant Grenell had recovered a judgment against the old company after such transfer in a suit brought before the dissolution of the old company. It was sought in that case to subject the assets
“Again, a corporation cannot sell all of its property, and take in payment stock in a new corporation, under an arrangement that has the effect of distributing the assets of the vendor among its stockholders, to the exclusion and prejudice of its creditors; and a company making such a purchase, in consideration of an issue of its own stock to> such stockholders, takes the property subject to the . rights of creditors. Such an arrangement is a diversion of the trust fund.
“It is said that there is nothing to show an intention to defeat the creditors of the Michigan Gas Company, as this was not a liquidated claim at the time this transfer was made. See Schaible v. Ardner, 98 Mich. 70. Under the arrangement, the promoters and stockholders of the Detroit Gas Company knew that it was getting all of the property of the Michigan Gas Company, without provision for its debts, if there were any. It was bound to know that this property was charged with such debts, and ought not to be distributed among the stockholders to the exclusion of creditors. It was a party, then, to a diversion of the trust fund, and, having in its possession such fund,. holds it subject to the payment of debts. It cannot be called a bona fide purchaser of the property, as against existing creditors.”
See, also, Louisville Trust Co. v. Railway Co., 174 U. S. 674 (19 Sup. Ct. 827); Kansas City Southern R. Co. v. Guardian Trust Co., 240 U. S. 166 (36 Sup. Ct. 334).
3. Generally speaking, upon the dissolution of corporation, its assets are applicable, first, to the payment of secured debts; second, to the payment of unsecured debts; third, the balance, if any, to be distributed among its stockholders. But in the case of large corporations with vast properties like the Wabash the impossibility of literally following this order of distribution has frequently been demon-1 strated. Cash customers can not be found for such
4. It is further insisted by plaintiff’s counsel that defendant Marshall has not sought the proper forum; that the Federal court retained jurisdiction and that defendant Marshall should have proceeded there; and Julian v. Central Trust Co., 193 U. S. 93 (24 Sup. Ct. 399), Wabash R. Co. v. Adelbert College, 208 U. S. 38 (28 Sup. Ct. 182), and kindred cases are relied upon. We think the instant case is clearly distinguishable from the cases relied upon. In the first place plaintiff itself selected the forum, it invoked the aid and jurisdiction of the State court. It brought defendants into the State court there to litigate their differences. Having invoked the jurisdiction of the State court, it can not be heard to complain if defendant there asserts his defense. But beyond this view we are not persuaded, after taking everything into consideration, that it was contemplated by the parties that only by proceedings in the Federal court could the rights of non-assenting general creditors be taken care of. This necessitates that we state a little more fully the provisions for unsecured creditors. The plan of reorganization con-tained the following provisions:
“In addition to the foregoing securities there will be issued such additional amounts of stock (now impracticable to be accurately stated, but in no event expected to exceed $5,000,000 par value thereof in the aggregate) as may be required for the sole pur-’ pose of making provisions, as hereinafter provided, for holders of unsecured claims against the Wabash Rail*604 road Company as the same shall from time to time be ascertained. * * *
“Unsecured creditors of the Wabash Railroad Company will be entitled under the plan to receive, in settlement and discharge of their claims duly presented and established, 25 per cent, thereof in convertible preferred stock ‘B,’ at par and 75 per cent, in common stock, at par, of the new company. * * *
“Holders of general unsecured indebtedness of the Wabash Railroad Company desiring to participate in the plan and agreement of reorganization must do so on the terms therein provided and in the manner hereafter to be announced by the joint reorganization committee.”
The agreement accompanying the plan of reorganization stated:
“Holders of general unsecured indebtedness of the railroad company desiring to participate in the plan and this agreement must do so upon the following terms and conditions”—
followed by provisions for the filing and hearing of claims of such participating or assenting unsecured creditors. These provisions contemplated hearings in court upon the claims of such creditors as assented to the plan and accepted the provisions therein made. But that it was understood that some of the unsecured creditors would not accept the plan and would have to be taken care of in some other way than there provided for is patent from one of the provisions of plaintiffs charter. We quote it:
“This corporation shall have the power to assume any debts and liabilities of said The Wabash Railroad Company and to make such adjustment and settlement with any stockholder or stockholders or creditor or creditors, of said company as may be deemed expedient, and, for such purpose, to use such portions of the bonds and stock of this corporation as may be deemed advisable, and in such manner as this corporation may deem proper.”
This provision gave the new company a trust fund
It follows that the decree of the court below must be affirmed with such modifications as this opinion necessitates. Defendant will recover costs of this court.
Concurrence Opinion
I concur except as to this sentence, “If issued, its issue would be in the face of a penal statute (2 Comp. Laws 1915, §§ 8162, 8163).”