236 Mo. 41 | Mo. | 1911
The plaintiff and defendant are each corporations engaged in construction work. The defendant had a contract with the Illinois Central Railroad to do a certain construction work in Kentucky. It thereafter entered into a sub-contract with the plaintiff corporation, employing it to do a portion of the work, described in the contract, for the prices therein named: to-wit, ‘ ‘ earth excavating, 19y2 cents per cubic yard; clearing, $25 per acre; grubbing, $8 per station.” This contract between the parties to this suit was in the form of a letter addressed by plaintiff to defendant upon May 30, 1902, and an acceptance endorsed thereon by defendant. It contained a provision, to-wit, “All in accordance with the specifications
The evidence tends to show that there was an agreement reached, that plaintiff should go forward with the work and should be allowed the reasonable value of excavating the “cemented gravel.” With this .understanding the work was performed, and plaintiff received payment therefor according to the terms of the contract between the parties, except as to the work done of excavating the ‘ ‘ cemented gravel, ’ ’ which was paid for at the price of excavating earth. Plaintiff demanded in addition a further sum equal to the reasonable value of performing that work. Plaintiff further demanded that it should be allowed the cost and expense of “assembling teams and wagons” for the doing of the work in question and being compelled to hold them in readiness during the delay occasioned by the defendant’s failure to procure for. plaintiff “access and right of way” to the property within a reasonable time after defendant had required plaintiff to be ready with “men and teams” and other appliances for doing the work.
Upon the failure of the defendant to comply with these demands, the present suit was brought in a petition containing five counts. Three of the counts were dismissed or nonsuits taken therein on the trial. Copy of the petition and summons was personally served upon the defendant to the April term, 1904, of
“June, 1902.
Twenty-five teams ... .10 $ 4.00 per day each... .$1000.00
Supt................10 3.50 ................ 35.00
Timekeeper .........10 2.00 ................ 20.00
1 Traction engine ......15 10.00 ................ 150.00
1 Grader .............15 5.00 ...'....... ..... 75.00
12 Wagons ............15 .25 per day each.... 45.00
12 Wagons ............15 .25 per day each.... 45.00
July, 1902.
1 Traction engine ......26 $10.00 ................$ 260.00
1 Grader .............26 5.00 ................ 130.00
12 Wagons ............26 .25 ................ 78.00
Aug., 1902.
1 Traction engine ......26 $10.00 ................$ 260.00
1 Grader .............26 5.00 ................ 130.00
12 Wagons ............26 .25 ................ 78.00
Total ............. .......................$2261.00
“Wherefore plaintiff prays judgment for said sum of $2261 and interest thereon.”
The court appointed a referee “to examine into and assess the damages in this case.” After taking proof, the referee reported, recommending judgment
On hearing of the evidence before the referee, it was not shown that any copy of the specifications of the contract between defendant and the railroad was exhibited to plaintiff at the time of the contract made between plaintiff and defendant, or at any othér time “before plaintiff encountered the ‘cemented gravel’ and refused to do further work unless it was to be paid therefor.” There was evidence tending to show the defendant agreed to pay plaintiff a reasonable value for doing the work of excavating the “cemented gravel.”
Exceptions to the referee’s report were filed by both parties and overruled. Motions for new trial filed by both parties were also overruled, and both perfected their appeals to this court — the plaintiff from so much of the finding of the referee as excluded any allowance for the delay of the graders and traction engine; and the defendant from the judgment against it on the first count.
I. The two appeals taken in this case present for review the question of the correctness of the affirmance of the referee’s report on the first and third counts of plaintiff’s petition.
Taking these in order. The default made by the defendant, after personal service, in this action was an admission on its part ©f every traversable allegation contained in the first count of plaintiff’s petition, and precluded the defendant from controverting thereafter any sufficiently stated cause of action contained
In considering this count of the petition, the referee should have confined the testimony of the defaulting defendant to evidence tending only to mitigate or diminish the damages, and should have excluded all testimony or evidence tending in any manner to controvert the cause of action stated in this count of the petition, for that was admitted and confessed by the default of the defendant. It was sufficient to entitle the plaintiff to a recovery, that the allegations in this count set forth a good cause of action or a legal right to a recovery. In applying this rule to the conduct of the case before him, the referee should not have required plaintiff to offer evidence that it had a contract with defendant whereunder it was entitled to the reasonable value of excavating “cemented gravel, ’ ’ for the existence of such contract was expressly alleged as the ground of plaintiff’s right to recover on the first count of the petition, and was conclusively established against defendant after the default. The referee should have admitted only testimony tending to show what was the reasonable value and the amount of “cemented gravel” excavated by plaintiff; and should have rejected the evidence offered by defendant tending to controvert plaintiff’s right to recover by showing that plaintiff did not have a contract with defendant' for payment for the work of excavating “cemented gravel.”
By the wide range of testimony admitted by the referee, defendant sought to prove that plaintiff was debarred from a recovery under the first count of its petition, because said count declared upon a written contract, under the terms of which contract plaintiff had bound itself to accept a classification of “cemented gravel” as earth, and, hence, was only entitled to be
In the first place, if the facts warranted such defónse, it was indispensable that they should have been .affirmatively pleaded by defendant. It could not be set up after a default. In the second place, it is nowhere shown in the evidence that any such classification was made and shown to the plaintiff at the time of the written contract of May 30, 1902, nor after-wards. Again, the contract of May 30, 1902, does not, either by terms or legal, intendment, provide for any classification of the specific substance or work.mentioned in said contract: to-wit, “Earth excavation, clearing, and grubbing.” It simply provides that these things should be done “in accordance with the specifications and to the satisfaction of the chief engineer of the Illinois Central Railroad;” and there is no proof in the record that any specifications of “cemented gravel” as earth by said.chief engineer were ever submitted to plaintiff at any time. Hence, this point is ruled against defendant.
II. Defendant also contends that the proof introduced before the referee afforded the basis for the application of the doctrine of waiver and estoppel as against any recovery by the plaintiff on this count of its petition. The answer to this is, that estoppel, unless it is shown or made to appear in plaintiff’s case, is always a matter of affirmative defense and must- be pleaded in order to be available; and that the same rule applies as to waiver in all cases except in actions on contracts of insurance. [McCullough v. Phoenix Ins. Co., 113 Mo. l. c. 616.]
III. Appellant (defendant) further contends that the first count of plaintiff’s petition was based upon the written contract of May 30, 1902, wherefore it was error to permit plaintiff to recover on the subsequent oral contract, dated in August, 1902. This conten
We, therefore, bold that tbe finding of the¡ referee on tbe first count of tbe petition was properly affirmed by tbe trial court.
IV. Tbe only theory on which tbe learned referee excluded any allowance to plaintiff for tbe delay of its graders and traction engine was tbe assumption by him that tbe inclusion of a charge for tbe specific loss thus suffered in tbe itemized account, which itemized account was set forth in tbe third count of tbe petition, was not sufficient to make, those items a part of tbe cause of action alleged in said third count of tbe petition.
We cannot concur in that view. Tbe code of civil procedure provides: “And in actions instituted upon an open account or an account stated where tbe items are set forth in or annexed to tbe petition, if tbe defendant has been personally served by tbe delivery to him of a copy of said account. . . .if tbe defendant makes default, be shall be considered as admitting tbe account to be due as set forth in or annexed to tbe petition, and final judgment may be rendered against him for tbe amount thereof at tbe time of entering tbe default.” [R. S. 1909, sec. 1799.] -
Tbe only prerequisite to a final judgment in a case coming within tbe terms of tbis statute is, that tbe defendant shall have been served personally with a copy of tbe petition and of tbe included or appended itemized account. That was done in tbis case, and tbe
This statute is predicated upon the idea that an itemized account inserted bodily in a petition or annexed thereto, is just as much a part of the petition as any allegations preceding or following the account. It expressly provides for the rendition of a final judgment after a default as in this case.
We, therefore, hold that the referee and the circuit judge erred in not making a finding of the amount of the items of expense incurred by plaintiff for the delay of its graders and traction engine, since these were contained in the itemized account embodied in the petition. The finding herein as. to the first count of the petition is affirmed, and the finding as to the second count of the petition is reversed, and the cause remanded with directions to the trial court to make a finding on the second count of the petition in favor of plaintiff and against defendant for the aggregate of the itemized account set forth therein, and to render judgment in plaintiff’s favor for the amount of the findings on both the first and third counts of the petition.
PER CURIAM. — The motion for rehearing is overruled. The opinion, however, will be modified in. the following particular:
Upon reconsideration, we are satisfied that the ruling of the referee disallowing any recovery on the third count for the delay on account of the graders and engines was correct. We are of the opinion that the items set out in the petition, being for unliquidated damages, do not constitute an open account within the. meaning of section 1799, Revised Statutes 1909, and consequently this itemized statement does not enlarge