16 Ark. 296 | Ark. | 1855
delivered the opinion of the Court.
This is the second time this case has been in this court, and we are relieved from the necessity of investigating several questions of law that were originally presented. The most serious objection urged against the first verdict and judgment, was, that the appellant being a feme covert at the time of the original promise, was not legally bound by her subsequent promises. The decision of this court, as collected from a majority of the opinions delivered, was to tlie effect, that the original promise to pay the item of three hundred dollars, was binding upon her separate property in equity, and that consequently she was legally bound by her subsequent promise based upon such consideration, in the event that the contract rested alone upon Yiser’s interest, or supposed interest, in her separate property, and was not, in any way, affected by the taint of collusion, in compounding the suit instituted by the appellant against Mr. Viser for a divorce. See 14 Ark. R. 267, at seq. "When the cause ivas remanded, and put before the jury a second time, the same evidence originally introduced, with an addition by A. ~W. Webb, was again submitted; and, under an express and positive instruction, that in case the taint of collusion entered into the consideration of the contract, for the item of three hundred dollars, the plaintiff could not recover as to that. They found the entire sum claimed in his favor, and he had judgment accordingly.
But, it is insisted, that the court erred in refusing certain instructions; and, also, in giving others against the objection of the appellant; and, also, in permitting illegal evidence to go to the jury. The objections taken to the refusal of the instructions offered, when the case was before the jury the first time, are now waived, as they were virtually overruled by this court when it was here before; and, consequently, they are now out of the case. The first instruction, submitted upon the last trial before the Circuit Court, and which is now insisted upon, is, that: “If the proposition to pay the $300 spoken of by the witness, to Viser, the husband, was in any way coupled with the withdrawal of defence or opposition to the divorce case, the contract was void, and the plaintiff cannot recover.” The second is of a precisely similar import, and, therefore, it is not necessary to transcribe it into this opinion. The third was that Mrs. Viser was entitled, on a divorce legally obtained, to have decreed to her and delivered into her possession, all property which she inherited, or got from her father, and which came to him by the marriage, and Viser had no right thereto, upon and after said divorce. The fourth and last, is, that the “deed of Yiser read by defendant, could not be revoked, and upon the facts admitted, upon a legal divorce obtained by Mrs. Yiser, her husband could have held none of the negroes.” The appellant was clearly entitled to the benefit of the two first, and in case they shall not have been substantially given, her right to a reversal is equally undeniable. But after the court refused the four instructions submitted by her, it proceeded upon its own motion, and against her objection, to give in lieu thereof, the following, to wit:
“If the $300 claimed by plaintiff, or any part of it, was promised by defendant, in consideration of the husband Yiser, withdrawing his opposition to the divorce case, then plaintiff' cannot recover.” And 2d. “If the $300 was paid by plaintiff for the sole purpose of divesting the husband of all rights of his to the negroes, then the plaintiff may recover, it the jury is satisfied that the money was paid for her, and for her benefit.”
These last two, and which were given in charge, were the same, in substance, as the two that were refused, touching the same question; and, consequently, the error is cured, and no room is left for dissatisfaction or complaint. The third instruction asked and refused by the court, should have been given. The fact that a divorce had been pronounced, was established by the. testimony: and the appellant was entitled to a declaration of the law from the court, as to the effect of such decree, upon the interest that Yiser had in the negroes. The fact that any interest of Yiser’s in the negroes would cease eo instanti, upon the dissolution of the marriage tie, is a circumstance from which the jury would be authorized to infer that the divorce might have had more or less influence upon her mind, either as a preferred mode of acquiring his interest, or as an additional or double security co-operating with the purchase. That the legal effect of the divorce would have been to restore to her the sole use and control of all her separate estate which was undisposed of at that time, there can be no doubt: and, consequently, she was entitled to the sense of the jury upon the question, whether she relied in wliole or in part, for the enjoyment of such interest, upon the decree for a divorce; and, consequently, whether it formed any part of the consideration of the contract for the three hundred dollars. If the contract entered into between the appellant and Viser, her husband, was even void in law, for want of consideration, yet the appellee’s right to recover, in the present action, in the absence of fraud or collusion, could not be questioned; or to be more explicit, although the contract for Yiser’s interest in the negroes might not be enforcible, either in law or equity, for want of consideration as between themselves, yet this suit, being founded upon another and different contract, could not be, in the slightest degree, affected by it.
The only question, then, that was presented under the state of case as made out, was whether the compounding of the divorce suit entered into the consideration of the contract, as between the appellant and Yiser, her husband, for the three hundred dollars.
This brings us to the consideration of the fourth and last instruction. This ought also to have been given. "Where an authority or power is coupled with an interest, or where it is given for a valuable consideration, or where it is a part of a security, there, unless there is an express stipulation that it shall be revocable, it is, from its own nature and character, in contemplation of law, irrevocable, whether it is expressed to be so upon the face of the instrument conferring the authority or not. See Story on Agency, 616. The instrument under consideration is not expressed upon its face to be revocable ; and, consequently, if it falls within either of the descriptions here enumerated, it could not be revoked. It is manifest that it cannot be regarded as a deed of trust, in a strict technical sense, since it does not contain the operative words of grant, bargain and sell, or any other words of like import; but on the contrary, it shows a mere appointment or constitution of an agent, to take charge of the property designated, and to hire it out, and to appropriate the proceeds to the use of the appellant and her daughter. But it is a power founded upon a valuable consideration; and, consequently, not revocable, since there is no express stipulation for that purpose. If this be the correct construction to be given to the deed in question, it follows of necessity, that the parol evidence of its revocation, was improperly received. The instrument was clearly competent evidence to rebut the presumption that the interest of Viser in the negroes constituted the sole consideration of the promise to pay him the three hundred dollars. It furnished a circumstance, but of what weight, the jury alone were competent to decide. The deed showed that the whole interest of Viser, whatever it may have been, had passed out of him, and vested in the appellant and her daughter, prior to the date of the contract for the three hundred dollars sued for; and, as a matter of course, she was entitled to have the benefit of their judgment, in ascertaining whether she was satisfied with such title as had already been conferred upon her by the deed; and the divorce being the only other consideration, whether she did or did not base her promise upon such consideration. If the jury should have believed that she was not satisfied with her title under the deed, or that she doubted whether, under the circumstances, and in view of the relation then subsisting between herself and Viser, any title either had or could pass to her, or whether she supposed that, by making the purchase again, and that in her own name, and in her individual right, she could enjoy her property more quietly, and be freed from any apprehended annoyance from Viser, or from any other imaginable cause, that she looked wholly and solely to the interest in the negroes, and not in the minutest degree to any benefit which she might derive from the divorce, she was most clearly and unquestionably, entitled to the benefit of it. The Circuit Court, therefore, erred in receiving the parol evidence going to revoke the deed, because the jury were thereby authorized to disregard it; and, consequently, to deprive the appellant of such presumptions as it might have raised to repel the case attempted to be established against her. We think, that for these errors, the judgment ought to be, and the same is, hereby reversed, and remanded to be proceeded in, according to law, and not inconsistent with this opinion.
