210 Ill. 453 | Ill. | 1904
delivered the opinion of the court:
Upon a trial before the court, without a jury, three propositions of law were submitted to the trial judge, as follows:
1. “The court finds and holds as a matter of law in this case, that it is not the duty of the county clerk to copy upon the records of his office, certificates of tax sales upon which he issues tax deeds, when the same are not referred to as exhibits or in any way made a part of the affidavit filed for the purpose of securing such deeds, and that he was not entitled to receive any fees for recording the tax certificates offered in evidence in this case.
2. “The court finds and holds as a matter of law in this case, that it -is not the duty of the county clerk, in issuing tax deeds, to acknowledge the same, and that he has no right, under the statute, to charge or receive of the applicants for a tax deed any fee for acknowledging such deed, or any fee paid by him to a notary public or other officer for taking his acknowledgment to such deed.
3. “The court finds and holds as a matter of law, that the act approved June 3,1897, and in force July 1, 1897, entitled ‘An act to amend section 4 of an act to provide for fees of certain officers therein named in counties of the third class,’ approved March 2, 1874, in force March 2, 1874, is invalid and void because it purports to be an amendment of said original section, when, as a matter of fact, said section 4 had been repealed, except as reenacted in an act approved June 18, 1883, and in force July 1, 1883, ’and on account of the invalidity of said act of 1897 the county clerk of Cook county is not entitled to charge or receive any fee for noting upon the collector’s warrants tax sales subject to redemption.”
These propositions were each marked refused, the court adding in the case of the two latter: “Expressing no opinion as to the law announced in this instruction, but because this charge was paid voluntarily.”
Upon an appeal to the Appellate Court for the First' District the judgment of the circuit court was affirmed, except as to the charge mentioned in proposition 2, to which the court applied the rule of de minimis, and gave appellant no benefit of the error except a reduction of $3.25 in the costs taxed against the village.
The errors assigned all depend upon the ruling of the trial court upon the propositions of law submitted to it. Considering them in their inverse order, the third has been disposed of by our former decision in the case when it was here before, reported in 199 Ill. 444. A writ of error issued by the plaintiff below was then dismissed for want of jurisdiction in this court and subsequently taken to the Appellate Court, from which this appeal is prosecuted. Upon the former consideration of the case we held that the question as to the validity of the statute mentioned in the third proposition was not properly before us, for the reason that there had been no ruling of the circuit court upon it which could be reviewed here, the trial court having refused the same, but expressly stated that no opinion was rendered as to the law therein announced because the charge therein specified was paid voluntarily, and the plaintiff had failed to insist upon a ruling on the proposition as one of law, nor had it preserved an exception to the refusal of the court to do so; also for the reason that no protest was made as to the payment of fees for noting tax sales, etc., the only objection to the bill rendered being .to the charges for recording certificates of purchase. We find no reason for changing the view then expressed, and that decision must control in passing upon the same question now.
We might also refuse to pass upon the second proposition for like reasons, but agree with the conclusion of the Appellate Court that the charges therein mentioned were improper. Section 221 of the Revenue act prescribes the form of a tax deed, and provides that, the deed só made by the county clerk, under the official seal of his office, shall be recorded in the same manner as other conveyances of real estate, and shall vest in the grantee, his heirs and assigns, the title to the property therein described, without further acknowledgment or evidence of such conveyance. Under that section it was not necessary that the deeds should be acknowledged in order to become valid, and in the absence of evidence that they were acknowledged at the request of the holder of the certificates' rio fees could be lawfully charged therefor. We also agree that under the maxim de minimis non curat lex the error should not work a reversal of the judgment below.
The next and principal question raised in the case is as to the validity of the charge for recording the tax certificates upon which deeds were executed. It involves a consideration of several sections of the Revenue act as found in chapter 120. (3 Starr & Cur. Stat. p. 3391.) Upon the sale of property for delinquent taxes under the statute, a certificate of purchase must be issued by the county clerk to the purchaser, which, by section 207, “shall be assignable by endorsement, and assignment thereof shall vest in the assignee, or his legal representatives, all the right and title of the original purchaser.” Between the date of the issuing of the certificate and the expiration of the time of redemption such certificate may be endorsed and held by different persons. If the property is not redeemed, the holder is entitled to a deed upon compliance with the requirements of the statute, but an applicant for a deed must first submit to the county clerk evidence of his ownership of the certificate of purchase. Section 217 requires the purchaser or assignee, by himself or agent, to make an affidavit of compliance with all of the provisions of section 216 of the, act, stating particularly the facts relied on, which affidavit shall be filed with the proper officer having the custody of the records, which shall be entered by such officer on the records of his office. The affidavit required by section 217 must show the facts relied upon by the holder to prove compliance with the provisions of section 216, and is evidence only of the facts stated in such affidavit.
If there were no other provisions than those of section 217, it would clearly be the duty of the county clerk to record on the records of his office the affidavit, which is made prima facie evidence of the notice set out therein; but before a deed can be legally issued the several provisions of sections 216, 217, 218 and 219 must also have been complied with, the latter of which (219) provides: “At any time after the expiration of two years from the date of sale of any real estate for taxes or special assessments, if the same shall not have been redeemed, the county clerk, on request, and on the production of the certificate of purchase, and upon complying with the three preceding" sections, shall execute and deliver to the purchaser, or his heirs or assignees, a deed,” etc. Section 222 makes it the duty of the county clerk to record the evidence upon which tax deeds are issued, and allows him the same fees therefor as are allowed for recording deeds. There is nothing required to be kept in the office of the county clerk from which it can be known who the owner of a certificate of purchase is, since by the express terms of the statute it is made assignable by endorsement. There is no presumption that the original purchaser remains the owner of it during the two years after the sale in whjch redemption maybe made. The deed can only be issued to the legal holder of the certificate, possession of which, properly endorsed, being proof of such ownership. It is the duty of the county clerk to“require evidence to be presented to him showing ownership, and there is nothing required by the statute as to that evidence except the production of the certificate of purchase. Whatever evidence is presented to him on which he acts must be entered of record and preserved, not only for his own protection, but for that of all parties who have or may have an interest in the property. Section 217 requires the recording of certain evidence,— that is, the affidavit setting forth the facts relied upon to show the giving of proper notice. If section 222 does not refer to other evidence than that referred to in section 217, then that portion which requires the recording of the evidence upon which the deed is made is mere surplusage and adds nothing to the law. We are clearly of the opinion that section 219 makes the tax certificate such evidence, and therefore, under section 222, it was the duty of the county clerk to record the same. The rule must be the same whether the certificate has been assigned or not. Nor do we perceive that it can make any difference that it may have been attached to and made a part of the affidavit filed under section 217. It is not a necessa.ry part of that affidavit, and is not, if attached thereto or made a part thereof, such a presentation thereof to the clerk as entitles the holder to a deed.
The last General Assembly amended section 222 so as to expressly require that the certificate of purchase shall be recorded, and it is insisted by counsel for appellant that this amendment should be given weight in determining the proper construction of the section prior to the amendment, and be says if it was the duty of the clerk to record the certificate before the amendment was passed, then the amendment was unnecessary, and hence the legislature did a useless act. We do not think the ■ conclusion necessarily follows. The section, prior to the amendment, was subject to construction. It had never been passed upon by this court, and the legislature simply made that certain by express enactment which before might be thought open to construction. Officers whose duty it was to issue tax deeds and record the evidence upon which they were issued, might, under the former statute, have been in doubt as to their duty, and the legislature did no more than to remove that doubt by the amendment. The amendment did not, nor was it intended to, affect the construction proper to be placed upon the original section. But even if it could be said that the legislature construed the section prior to the amendment a.s not requiring the certificate to be recorded, that construction could have no binding" force upon the court. We are clearly of the opinion that the statute, as amended, means no more than it did prior thereto.
The judgment of the Appellate Court will be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
