39 How. Pr. 515 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1870
The appellant’s counsel raised two questions on this appeal: 1st. That the notes on which the recovery was allowed were void, because not stamped pursuant to the provisions of the United States internal revenue act; and 2d. That the action was barred by the decision and adjudication on the appeal in the county court.
I. It was made a question of fact before the referee, whether the defendant authorized and directed Mr. Wendell to stamp the papers, as the law required. There was a conflict of evidence on this point, and the referee, who saw the witnesses and heard them testify, found that such authority and direction were given. Sor can it with any propriety be said, after reading the evidence returned on this appeal, that he found incorrectly, or against the evidence, in that regard. It must, therefore, now stand as a well founded fact in the case, that Mr. Wendell was authorized and directed to affix the proper stamps to the paper, and to cancel them. This he ultimately did- do, but not until after several months had elapsed. But it is further found, on sufficient evidence, that the omission to affix and cancel the stamps during this period, was through inadvertence, and without any intent to evade thé pro
I! Was this action barred by the former suit ? It was not barred, certainly, by the judgment of the justice rendered on the issue of the misjoinder; not even as to the claim for the work, labor and services. That judgment was rendered on an issue raised by a dilatory plea. It
All we have before us is, that the judgment of the justice, for some reason not here disclosed, was held to be erroneous, and was therefore reversed, and thereafter to be held for nought. The judgment of reversal does not purport to be a judgment on" the merits, as to the claims in litigation. The decision may have been put on the merits. On the other hand, the reversal may bar when placed on technical grounds merely. How we are asked to infer that the judgment was pronounced on the merits; that is, to infer that the adjudication proceeded on a particular ground, and basing our conclusion upon such inference, to hold the adjudication conclusive. As I understand the rules, “a particular ground of adjudication can never be inferred and relied upon as conclusive,” to bar a right of action. A judgment is no evidence of a matter to be inferred from it by argument. The rule is, that it must clearly and distinctly appear from the record, or from proof aliunde the record when such proof is admissible, that the particular ground urged was considered and
But the judgment here relied on as a bar is one of simple reversal. Its effect, in that action, was the. same as a nonsuit. It does not appear that the adjudication was on the merits. For aught that appears before us, the merits were not considered—certainly it does not appear that they were. It lay with the party urging the point, clearly and distinctly to show that fact, and on that subject either prove the record, or otherwise. We can no more infer, that the reversal of the former judgment was on the merits than that it was on technical grounds in no way involving the merits. So it is laid down in Qowen Hills Notes, that the simple reversal of a judgment proves nothing but its own correctness; that it operates no further than to nullify what has been done, and in other respects, the parties are generally left by it in the same situation, as to their rights and remedies touching the matter in controversy, as if no such judgment had ever existed. (35 How. Pr. 350, and cases cited.)
We are of the opinion that the record in this case discloses no error; hence the judgment should be affirmed, with costs.
Judgment affirmed.-
Bosehram, JPotter and Boches, Justices.]