66 N.Y.S. 64 | N.Y. Sup. Ct. | 1900
This action is brought by the plaintiff to compel the defendant to specifically perform an agreement for the purchase of real property. There is no substantial dispute as to the facts in the case.
The agreement in question was dated May 18, 1898. It provides for the sale by the plaintiff to the defendant of a lot of land on the south side of One Hundred and Sixth street, in the city of New York, at an agreed price of $11,000.
The defendant paid the sum of $500 down, and was to execute a purchase-money mortgage for the sum of $9,000, and pay the sum of $1,500 in cash at the time of the delivery of the deed. The property was to be conveyed to him free and clear of all incumbrances, and it was also provided in the agreement as follows: “ And it is expressly understood and agreed, however, that in case the party of the first part is ready to deliver the deed of said premises previous to said 1st day of October, 1898, that the said party of the first part shall give notice to said party of the second part of his readiness, said notice to be in writing, and to be mailed to him at his residence, No. 231 East Sixtieth street, New York city, and thirty days from the date of such notice, provided such thirty days shall not extend beyond the 1st day of October, 1898, and in which event, on said 1st day of October, 1898, the party of the second part, shall close this contract by executing and delivering to the party of the first part said bond and mortgage above specified, and pay him the balance of $1,500 as above specified.
“ And it is also expressly understood and agreed by and between the parties hereto, that in case the party of the first part is unable .to close this contract by the 1st day of October, 1898, by reason of his inability to procure the signature of his wife to a deed of said premises, then this contract shall be deemed cancelled and void and of no effect, and the party of the first part shall return to the party of the second part the $500 this day paid on the execution of this contract, with interest thereon from the date hereof until the time of such payment, together with a counsel fee for the examination of the title to said premises of $75, which sum is hereby fixed and agreed upon between the parties hereto as the stipulated damages to be paid by the party of the first part to the
It appears that pursuant to the foregoing provisions in the contract, the plaintiff notified the defendant in writing of his readiness to perform the contract, naming July 11, 1898, as the time for closing the title, that such time was adjourned by consent until July 18, 1898, that on the last named day the parties met and the plaintiff’s attorney then tendered a deed duly executed, which deed if the plaintiff’s title was a fee-simple free from all incumbrances, would have been a compliance with the terms of the contract of sale. That the defendant was also at that time and place ready to consummate the purchase, that there was a mutual tender, that the plaintiff insisted on his ability to convey the premises according to his agreement, that the defendant insisted that the title of the plaintiff was not a fee-simple free from all incumbrances, as the premises were covered by a condition subsequent and a covenant against nuisances contained in prior deeds of said premises, and that the defendant was willing to perform said contract on his part on receiving from the plaintiff a deed free and clear from all incumbrances. Upon the refusal of the defendant to accept the deed tendered by the plaintiff this action was brought. It was admitted upon the trial that 'the defendant procured the title to- the premises to be examined at the expense of twenty dollars and forty cents, and that such sum, together with the further sum of $150 for counsel fee for such examination, was a reasonable charge for such services.
It was also admitted that the title to the premises in question was sufficient in one Gustavus A. Hollins, who acquired title thereto in 1851.
From the record evidence introduced it appears that Hollins conveyed the premises aforesaid by deed dated November 30, 1851, to “ Elias Mooney, James F. Stanbury, and, Joseph Queripel, Trustees of the New York City Land Association, No. 1,” that Mooney and wife, Stansbury and wife, .and Queripel and wife conveyed to one George Haws, in July, 1853, and that plaintiff took title through Haws.
The deed from Mooney, Stansbury and Queripel contained the following clause: “ Provided, nevertheless, that this deed is given
The defendant in his answer, and upon the trial, urges two objections against the title, and such objections seem to be valid and well founded.
They are, first, that the plaintiff is not seized of an estate in fee-simple, and, second, that the premises are not free and clear from incumbrances.
It is apparent that the deed from Mooney, S'tansbury and Queripel to Haws was delivered upon a condition subsequent. The provision incorporated therein is not, as contended by the plaintiff, a mere covenant running with the land, and does not fall within the class of cases cited by him. In the cases cited by the plaintiff’s attorney, none contained such a plain and explicit condition as in the deed in the case at bar, viz.: “ That this deed is on the express condition that the same shall be void, and the estate hereby granted ■ shall revert, etc.”
A mere right of re-entry, reserved to a grantor, has been held to be a mere right of action, and not an interest in the land (Berenbroick v. St. Luke’s Hospital, 23 App. Div. 343); and while “ Mere words in a deed will not be deemed sufficient to- constitute a condition subsequent, entailing the consequences of a forfeiture of the estate, unless it appears from proof that this was the distinct intention of the grantor and a necessary understanding of the instrument, the understanding may be sought, however, in the other words of the clause and by reference to the surrounding circumstances.” Post v. Weil, 115 N. Y. 361.
Applying that rule to the case at bar, there is every indication from the circumstances surrounding the grant herein, from Mooney, Stansbury and Queripel to Haws, that the condition in
That their intention was to reserve to themselves a more effectual remedy than that which a mere covenant would give is further evidenced by the fact that the provision aforesaid was inserted as well as an express covenant on the part of the grantee, who was made to “ covenant and agree for himself and his heirs and assigns ” that the premises should not be used- for any of the prohibited purposes.
This view was practically admitted by the plaintiff, who submitted upon the trial and placed in evidence certain alleged releases from the so-called “ substituted trustee ” of the deceased grantees named in the deed from Hollins to Mooney, Stansbury and Queripel, and also from certain of the heirs-at-law of the surviving joint tenant, and had the latter release been executed by all the heirs-at-law of the survivor of the joint tenants there is no doubt but that it would have been effectual and conferred good title upon the plaintiff, but it appears that one of such heirs-at-law is an infant, and, therefore, has not joined in the release and the right of such infant to any claim upon said premises in case of a violation of any of the conditions mentioned in the deed is still in existence. Heither is the release executed by Moses H. Stansbury as “ substituted trustee ” sufficient to release the premises from the conditions imposed by the deed from Mooney, Stansbury and Queripel to Haws, for the reason that although the deed to them, in describing the parties of the second part, reads as follows: “ Elias O. Mooney, James F. Stansbury and Joseph Queripel, Trustees of the Hew York City Land Association Ho. 1,” the granting clause “ grants and conveys to the parties
The deed, therefore, is not to them “ as trustees ”; the premises are not conveyed to them or their successors, and the word “ successors ” is not found in the habendum clause. It imposes no duties upon the grantees as trustees, nor is there any person or corporation named therein as cestwi que trust. It must be held, then, that the conveyance was to Mooney, Stansbury and Queripel as individuals, and the words, “ Trustees, &c.,” are merely descriptio persones. This is further borne out by the fact that, in the deed from Mooney, Stansbury and Queripel to Haws, each of the wives of the grantors unite with them in its execution, and such deed is executed by all the parties as individuals, and the reverter therein mentioned and provided for is to “ the parties of the first part, their heirs and assigns,” and it does not appear that the premises reverted to trustees or that the trustees had any power to release the estate from the conditions and limitations imposed therein. The second objection interposed by the defendant is equally fatal to the plaintiff’s recovery herein. The premises are not free and clear from incumbrances, as the deed from Mooney, Stansbury and ■Queripel, through whom plaintiff obtains title, contains a covenant which restricts the uses to which the premises might otherwise lawfully be put. Any right existing in another, whereby the owner is restricted in the enjoyment of his property, has been held to be within the meaning of the term “ incumbrance.” Raynor v. Lyon, 46 Hun, 227; Reynolds v. Cleary, 61 id. 590; Kountze v. Helmuth, 67 id. 343; S. C., 140 N. Y. 432; Fourth Presbyterian Church v. Steiner, 79 Hun, 314. It is claimed by the plaintiff that the restriction must be such as to lessen the value of the land. Assuming that to be true, there is sufficient testimony in this case to warrant the finding that the limitation appearing upon the record of this title injuriously affects the value of the premises. The testimony on the part of" the plaintiff was directed towards showing that the neighborhood where these premises were situated was occupied by what are known as “flat” houses, and that the defendant intended to build that kind of a house, and had contracted for the purchase of the premises in question solely for that purpose, and that for that reason the value of the property was not dimin
Ordered accordingly.