222 Mich. 682 | Mich. | 1923
Plaintiff is a lumber dealer and has its office in the city of Grand Rapids. On November 4,
“Stop this ear at A. L. Dennis Salt & Lumber Company, Big Rapids, Michigan, for lain drying.”
The cars were moved under these instructions by the Manistee & Northeastern Railroad Company from Interlochen to Kaleva, its junction point with the Pere Marquette Railway, and delivered to it in good order. The waybills were turned over to the Manistee & Northeastern agent at Kaleva by the conductor and by him delivered to the agent of the Pere Marquette, and the agent of the Pere Marquette delivered them to the Pere Marquette conductor. Instead of continuing south on its line to Whitehall the Pere Marquette stopped the cars at Baldwin, and from there they went east to Saginaw, and did not go through Big -Rapids at all. The cars went through on the other lines of railway without incident to their destination. The lumber was kiln dried after it reached its destination at a considerable increase in expense. Plaintiff sued defendants to recover its damage by reason of the failure to stop the cars at Big Rapids and because of their failure to notify the consignee that the lumber had not been kiln dried. The case was tried before the trial court without the aid of a jury, and damages were assessed in favor of plaintiff and against both defendants in the sum of $2,173.13, Both defendants assign error.
The Manistee & Northeastern Company insist that the proceedings should have been dismissed
The testimony shows that the through rate and stop-over privilege at Big Rapids was accorded to shippers, and it was a practice that the agents and train operatives were familiar with. The notation on the waybill was ample notice to the Pere Marquette agent at Kaleva that the car was to be stopped at Big Rapids. It was ample notice to the conductor who took the cars from Kaleva to Baldwin, and it was like notice to the conductor who handled the cars between Baldwin and Saginaw, but none of them heeded it. But it is said the through billing with a stop-over was not in accordance with the rule of the tariffs on file. We are not informed as to that fact,
The Pere Marquette takes the position that if it is liable it is only liable for the difference in cost of drying the lumber in Massachusetts and the cost of drying it at Big Rapids,, which was the sum of $294.45. Plaintiff contends that defendant was negligent in not advising the consignee that the lumber had not been kiln dried. Before the consignee learned
The general rule of damages in an action'of tort is that the wrongdoer is liable for all injuries resulting directly from the wrongful acts, whether they could or could not have been foreseen by him, provided the particular damages in respect to which he proceeds are the legal and natural consequences of the wrongful act imputed to the defendant, and are such as, according to common experience and the usual course of events, might reasonably have been anticipated. ' Remote, contingent, or speculative damages will not be considered in conformity to the general rulé above laid down. To render a wrongdoer liable in damages, where the connection is not immediate between the injurious act and the consequences, such nearness in the order of events and closeness in the relation of cause and effect must subsist, as that the influence of the injurious act would predominate over that of other causes, and concur to produce the consequence or be traceable to those causes. 13 Cyc. p. 28.
The question then arises whether the damages insisted upon by plaintiff are proximate or remote. The rule for testing this question is laid down, as follows:
“It may be stated, as a general rule, however, that where the result of an unlawful act is a natural one and one that would naturally flow from the aet done, it is not remote but proximate. If, upon the contrary, the damages complained of would not naturally or usually flow from the negligent act, but were brought about by some unforeseen casualty, then they would be remote.” 13 Cyc. p. 27.
These damages were unusual and were brought about by the peculiar use which was to be made of the lumber, but they do not necessarily flow from defendant’s negligent act. The proximate damages spoken of would always be the result of such negligence. The other damages might or might not ensue depending upon the peculiar use that was to be made of the lumber. It does not appear that the defendants were informed to what use the lumber was to be put. Plaintiff counts on defendant’s failure to notify the consignee that the lumber was not kiln dried. We are unable to see how this duty rested upon defendant. The defendant was not supposed to know that the consignee would use the lumber when it was unfit for its use. These damages appear to us to be too remote to be considered in the case as an element of damage.
We are also impressed that there is another reason why these damages should be rejected. Mr. Fred Calkins, a lumber inspector, who was one of plaintiff’s witnesses, gave it as his opinion that a man with experience could tell, upon inspection, whether or not the lumber was kiln dried. If we are to assume this as true, then the inspector of the consignee should have, by reasonable inspection, discovered the fact that
The judgment against the Manistee & Northeastern Railroad Company is reversed with no new trial. The judgment against James C. Davis, as director general, will be reduced from $2,173.13 to $294.45, plus interest, and affirmed for that amount, on condition that plaintiff files in the trial court, within thirty days from the filing of this opinion, its consent to reduce the judgment as aforesaid. If such consent be not filed, then the judgment against James C. Davis, as director general, will be reversed and a new trial ordered. In neither event will either plaintiff or James C. Davis, as director general, recover his costs, in this court.