The opinion of the court was delivered by
Horton, C. J.:
I. The court committed no error in permitting the sheriff to amend his return to the summons, and after such amendment had been made, it appeared from the return that due and proper service of the summons had been had upon the Valley Bank and Savings Institution. The amendment made was not to confer jurisdiction, but to make the return conform to the facts. (Forman v. Carter, 9 Kan. 674" court="Kan." date_filed="1872-01-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/foreman-v-carter-7883082?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7883082">9 Kas. 674; Challiss v. Headley, 9 Kan. 684" court="Kan." date_filed="1872-01-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/challiss-v-headley--carr-7883084?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7883084">9 Kas. 684; Kirkwood v. Reedy, 10 Kan. 453" court="Kan." date_filed="1872-07-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/kirkwood-v-reedy-7883221?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7883221">10 Kas. 453.)
II. The exception that the plaintiff' named in the petition was not a proper party plaintiff, and a mere nullity, is untenable. The certificate of deposit was executed payable to the order of the plaintiff. (Esley v. The People, 23 Kan. 510" court="Kan." date_filed="1880-01-15" href="https://app.midpage.ai/document/esley-v-people-of-illinois-7885055?utm_source=webapp" opinion_id="7885055">23 Kas. 510.)
III. The objection to the sufficiency of the petition by the *425parties in default other than the Valley Bank and Savings Institution, is well taken. The petition charges: “That the said defendants, and each of them, On, before and after the said 10th day of March, 1879, [the date of the issuance of the certificate of deposit sued on,] were, and now are, stockholders in said corporation, the Valley Bank and Savings Institution, each holding and owning more than $500 of paid-up stock therein; that the said Valley Bank and Savings Institution has long ceased to transact business and is insolvent, and has no property or assets of any description out of which said sum or any part could be collected by execution or other process of law.” Now as a rule, outside of constitutional or statutory provisions, stockholders are not personally liable to the creditors of a corporation; therefore, unless there is some provision in our constitution or statute making the stockholders of a bank liable when it ceases to do business with debts unpaid, the petition fails to show that the persons in default were primarily indebted to the plaintiff. The only provision of our statute under which it can possibly be claimed that the stockholders are liable under the allegations of the petition is § 44, art. 5, ch. 23, Comp. Laws of 1879. This, among other things provides:
“ If any corporation created under this or any general statute of this state, except railway or charitable or religious corporations, be dissolved leaving debts unpaid, suits may be brought against any person or persons who were stockholders at the time of such dissolution, without joining the corporation in such suit.”
A corporation is dissolved — First, by the expiration of the time limited in its charter; second, by a judgment of dissolution rendered by a court of competent jurisdiction. (Comp. Laws of 1879, ch. 23, art. 5, § 40.) The allegations in the petition are sufficient to authorize -the commencement of an action for a dissolution of the Valley Bank and Savings Institution, but no such action has as yet been brought, and it does not appear that the corporation is dissolved; therefore the stockholders are not primarily liable to the creditors of *426the bank for its debts. A statement that a corporation has ceased to transact business and is insolvent is not equivalent to an allegation that the corporation is dissolved. Under the provision of § 32, art. 4, ch. 23, Comp. Laws of 1879, if execution issue against the property or effects of the Valley Bank and Savings Institution, and such execution be returned nulla bona, then execution may be issued against any of the stockholders thereof to an extent equal in amount to the amount of stock by him or her owned, together with any amount unpaid thereon. But prior to the issuance of the execution against any stockholders, the notice and proceedings set forth in said § 32 must be complied with. Perhaps in this connection we ought to remark that there are no allegations in the petition making the stockholders of the bank liable under the terms of ch. 47, Laws of 1879. The judgment against the Valley Bank and Savings Institution will be affirmed; but as the state of facts alleged in the petition does not authorize a recovery against the other plaintiffs in error, the judgment against them must be reversed.
All the Justices concurring.