5 N.E.2d 335 | Ohio | 1936
The single question here presented by counsel is whether the procedure attempted by the plaintiff is authorized by the provisions of Section 11760, General Code, which read as follows:
"When a judgment debtor has not personal or real property subject to levy on execution sufficient to satisfy the judgment, any equitable interest which he has in real estate, as mortgagor, mortgagee, or otherwise, or any interest he has in a banking, turnpike, bridge, or other joint stock company, or in a money contract, claim, or chose in action, due or to become *117 due to him, or in a judgment or order, or money, goods, or effects which he has in the possession of any person, or body politic or corporate, shall be subject to the payment of the judgment, by action."
Restated and reduced to its lowest terms, the specific question is whether a county is a "body politic."
On the one hand it is contended that a county cannot be considered a body politic because it is but a political subdivision of the state, and an agency thereof.
The courts in the various jurisdictions are not in complete agreement as to the exact nature of counties. Some authorities hold that they are municipal corporations, and in a few instances their status has been so established by legislative enactment; but this is contrary to the great weight of modern authority. Ordinarily it is said that counties arequasi corporations. The reason for this is that they possess certain unmistakable attributes of private corporations. 7 Ruling Case Law, 923; 11 Ohio Jurisprudence, 241. In his opinion in the early case of Bd. of Commrs. of Hamilton County
v. Mighels,
What is a "body politic"? There is nothing in this statute to indicate that the words are employed in other than their common acceptation. "Politic" is a derivative from a root signifying "citizen." It would seem therefore, that the phrase connotes simply a group or body of citizens organized for the purpose of exercising governmental functions. Such a group may be large or small, and it may be a group within a group. What basis then is there for excluding counties from the purview of the phrase even if it be conceded that in many respects they are but agencies of the state? Can it logically be said that they are not groups of citizens organized for the purpose of exercising governmental functions? Balentine's Law Dictionary defines the phrase "body politic" as "a term often applied to a municipal corporation. A county is such a body." Another definition is that "bodies politic" are "associated bodies, or communities of individuals, with certain rights and privileges belonging to them by law in their aggregative capacity." 8 Corpus Juris, 1137. Warner Ray v. Beers, 23 Wend. (N. Y.), 103. In paragraph one of the syllabus in the case of Waterbury v. Boardof Commissioners of Deer Lodge County,
It is therefore the view of this court that until the Legislature provides a specific enactment to the contrary, the term "any * * * body politic," as employed in this statute, must be held to include counties.
Counsel have adverted briefly to the subject of public policy. However, this phase of the matter was discussed and settled in this state in the early case of City of Newark v. L.S. Funk Bro.,
The judgment of the Court of Appeals must be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
STEPHENSON, WILLIAMS, JONES, MATTHIAS, DAY and ZIMMERMAN, JJ., concur.