53 S.E.2d 520 | N.C. | 1949
Civil action in claim and delivery for the possession of an automobile.
On 22 December 1947, one Charles R. Brumer, a resident of Chicago, purchased from K-F Motors, Inc., the Frazer Manhattan Sedan described in the pleadings, not for resale but for his personal use. He executed a conditional sale contract to secure the purchase price. This contract was duly registered in the office of the Secretary of State of Illinois as required by the Illinois uniform sales statute, but was not recorded under the Illinois general recording act. It has not been recorded in any county in this State.
On or about 22 January 1948, Brumer came to North Carolina on said automobile for a visit or other purpose and was on said date temporarily in North Carolina.
On 22 September 1947, defendant Kriegsman obtained a judgment against Brumer in Guilford County, N.C. On 22 January 1948, the sheriff of Guilford County, under authority of an execution issued on said judgment, seized and levied upon said automobile for the purpose of selling same to satisfy said judgment.
Thereupon the plaintiff, on 7 February 1948, instituted this action and sued out the ancillary writ of claim and delivery under which it acquired possession of said automobile. The automobile was advertised for sale under the provisions of the conditional sale contract and sold to a third party for the sum of $2,100.
At the time said automobile was levied upon by the sheriff and later delivered to plaintiff, Brumer was indebted to plaintiff on the conditional sale contract in the sum of $2,439.53, and to Kriegsman on his judgment in the sum of $800 with interest from 22 September 1947 and costs.
The automobile having been sold, the case resolved itself into a contest over the ownership of the proceeds of sale. The court below, on facts agreed, held that plaintiff is the owner and entitled to the possession of said automobile or the proceeds from the sale thereof, and its lien is superior to the lien acquired by defendant by levy under execution. It thereupon adjudged that plaintiff have and recover the proceeds of sale together with its cost, free and clear of any claim of defendant Kriegsman or any one of the other defendants herein. Defendant Kriegsman appealed. Other defendants, judgment creditors, did not appeal. The rule of comity, the effect of the Uniform Sales Act on the law of registration and the rights of the parties and other *445 interesting questions have been attractively and ably presented by counsel. However, it is conceded that the one question posed for decision is this: If the nonresident owner of an automobile, which is subject to a conditional sale contract, temporarily has the automobile in this State, is a lien thereon, acquired by levy under execution in this State, superior to the lien of the conditional sale contract? It would seem to us that the answer is no, without regard to whether the conditional sale contract is or is not registered in this State. That is, neither our registration statute nor the rule of comity has any substantial bearing on the question presented.
Illinois has adopted the Uniform Sales Act, Illinois Rev. Stat. of 1947, Chap. 121 1/2, and the contract was registered in the office of the Secretary of State of Illinois as therein required. This Act recognizes the validity of conditional sales contracts and specifically provides that no title can be passed by the purchaser of goods under such a contract without the consent of the owner "unless the owner of the goods is by his own conduct precluded from denying the seller's authority to sell." Sherer-Gillett Co. v. Long,
This being true, plaintiff insists that its lien takes priority under the rule of comity. But comity is not permitted to operate within a State in opposition to its settled policy as expressed in its statutes, or so as to override the express provisions of its legislative enactments. Applewhite Co. v. Etheridge,
However, the requirements of our statute have no application to personal property in transit through or temporarily within the State. It provides, in respect to personal property, that no mortgage shall be valid at law to pass any property as against creditors or purchasers for a valuable consideration from the donor, bargainor, or mortgagor but from the registration of such mortgage in the county where the donor, bargainor, or mortgagor resides; or in case the donor, bargainor, or mortgagor resides out of the State, then in the county where the said personal *446
estate, or some part of the same, is situated. G.S.
"Where the said personal estate, or some part of the same, is situated" signifies something more than the mere temporary presence of the property within this State. "Situated" means having a site, situation or location; permanently fixed; located. Webster's New International Dictionary; Oklahoma City v. District Ct.,
Brumer is admittedly a nonresident of this State, and the automobile was not situated in this State within the meaning of our registration statute. Hence there was no place in this State where the conditional sale contract could have been registered so as to give constructive notice to creditors and purchasers for value.
It would be manifestly unjust to hold that the mere crossing of the State line in the ordinary use of a mortgaged chattel subordinates the mortgage lien to other claims unless the mortgagee shall record his mortgage in every county in every State where the mortgagor is likely to go. Such a conclusion would create an intolerable situation and the attendant expense would be so burdensome that it would no doubt close the market for loans on motor vehicles.
It imposes less hardship to require a person who deals with another in respect to specific personal property to inquire where he lives than to compel the original vendor to foresee where he will take the chattel. Acceptance Corp, v. Rogers,
The rule of justice and common sense, if not the rule of comity, compels the conclusion that, under the circumstances here disclosed, the lien of the conditional sale contract remains superior to those after acquired in this State by levy under execution. Acceptance Corp. v. Rogers, supra; Finance Co. v. Motor Co., supra. The lien of a mortgage or conditional sale contract validly executed and legally registered according to the laws of the State wherein the property was and the mortgagor resided will be recognized and enforced in this State against the claims of attaching creditors when the presence of such property in this State is of such a *447 temporary or transient nature that it has not come to rest in the State so as to acquire a situs here. See H.B. 185, Session Laws of 1949.
Brumer owned only an equity of redemption. That interest alone, as against plaintiff, was subject to sale under execution. As said by Stacy, J. (now C.J.) in Spence v. Pottery Co.,
"Where one of two persons must suffer loss . . . he who . . . by his negligent conduct made it possible for the loss to occur, must bear the loss," Bank v. Liles,
A careful examination of the original record in Truck Corp. v. Wilkins
The last paragraph in the opinion in that case was not material to the issue there presented. In this connection it must not be understood we suggest that the rule would be different, as between the lien acquired by levy under execution or attachment on the one hand, and the lien of a duly registered conditional sale contract on the other, if the property had acquired a situs here. We confine decision to the question presented and leave the other for its proper day.
For the reasons stated, the judgment below is
Affirmed. *448