1925 BTA LEXIS 2925 | B.T.A. | 1925
Lead Opinion
The Commissioner moves to dismiss the appeal because the petition was not filed within 60 days as prescribed in section 274 (a) of the Revenue Act of 1924. The notice to the taxpayer of the deficiency was dated September 20, 1924; was admittedly mailed in Washington by registered mail on September 22, 1924, as
Section 274 (a) of the statute is as follows:
If, in the case of any taxpayer, the Commissioner determines that there is a deficiency in respect of the tax imposed by this title, the taxpayer, except as provided in subdivision (d), shall be notified of such deficiency by registered mail, but such deficiency shall be assessed only as hereinafter provided. Within 60 days after such notice is mailed the taxpayer may file an appeal with the Board of Tax Appeals established by section 900.
Subdivision (c) of the same section provides:
If the taxpayer does not file an appeal with the Board within the time prescribed in subdivision (a) of this section, the deficiency of which the taxpayer has been notified shall be assessed, and shall be paid upon notice and demand from the collector.
The question presented is, when does the 60 days begin to run? In Satovsky's Appeal, 1 B. T. A. 22, the end of the 60-day period was considered. In the appeal of Hurst, Anthony & Watkins, 1 B. T. A. 26, we said in respect of the beginning of the 60-day period, that “ it does not matter what date is stamped or printed on the face of the notice (of deficiency). The date from which the time begins to run is the date of mailing.” We see no reason, notwithstanding counsel’s argument and our own further careful consideration, to modify this view. The statute uses the word mailed, and we are not at liberty to translate this into something other than mailed without unmistakable necessity. Webster’s New International Dictionary, 1924, defines the word as follows:
Mail, v. t. To deliver into tbe custody of tbe post-office officials, or place in a Government letter box, for transmission by mail; to post.
This brief definition is in accord with the decisions of the courts which we have been able to find, and no conflicting decisions have been brought to our attention. Casco National Bank v. Shaw, 79 Maine 376; 10 Atl. 67; Wood v. Callaghan, 61 Mich. 402; 28 N. W. 162; see also 22 Corpus Juris 99, and 21 Ruling Case Law 762.
The learned counsel for the taxpayer argue that section 274 (a) requires that the taxpayer shall be notified of the deficiency; that this means actual notice, and that he should not be expected to file his appeal until 60 days from the time he receives the notice. But there is nothing extraordinary in such- a rule. There are many occasions known to the law in which the presumption is recognized that a paper mailed was received by the addressee and that the rights and remedies of the addressee shall be determined with relation to the date of mailing rather than the date of receipt.
The taxpayer presents illustrations of the possible hardship of such a rule. A taxpayer living in Manila is cited who, by the fastest mail would receive a notice from Washington 28 days after mailing, and more usually over 30 days, thus making it impossible to have the appeal seasonably filed. The Revenue Act of 1924 is not generally in effect in the Philippine Islands, except as it applies to all United States citizens all over the world. It could hardly be contended that a citizen in central Africa or the Arctic has the right to appeal within
The period is exactly defined. “Within 60 days after such notice is mailed * * The time begins after the date of ma.il-ing._ If the statute had said within one day after mailing, it is obvious that the time would have excluded the date of mailing — all of the date, which means up to midnight — and required the filing to take place on the following day. The period, therefore, begins at midnight of the date of mailing. Since the filing must take place within 60 days, it must be before the last instant of the sixtieth day expires. If the appeal is filed with the Board before midnight at the end of the sixtieth day after the notice is mailed, it is timely; if not, the right granted by the statute is lost and the appeal must be dismissed.
The motion is granted and the appeal is dismissed.