2 M.J. 397 | U.S. Army Court of Military Review | 1975
OPINION OF THE COURT
CASE SUMMARY
The accused, contrary to his pleas, was convicted of nine specifications of making checks with knowledge of insufficient funds and two specifications alleging forgery of checks. After the findings the trial counsel offered into evidence, not in rebuttal, two additional checks found in the same search as the offenses charged. The checks relating to the uncharged offenses of forgery were offered over objection of defense counsel. His objection was overruled and the evidence admitted. The staff judge advocate in his review addressed the question and advised the convening authority not to consider the uncharged misconduct in determining an appropriate sentence. He
ISSUE
May the trial counsel present matters in aggravation post-findings, not in rebuttal, other than prior convictions and permitted personnel record entries where an accused pleads not guilty, but is found guilty by a court-martial?
DECISION
The issue for decision was discussed by Judge Alley last year:
“Paragraphs 70 and 75b (3), Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1969 (Revised edition), make provision only in guilty plea cases for the prosecution to offer matter in aggravation of an offense post-findings, not in rebuttal. The Manual does not expressly prohibit the practice in contested cases, but a prohibition may fairly be implied from the language itself and from logic. The type of aggravating matter in question must go to the particular offense of which an accused has been convicted, not to general denigrations of the accused or to unrelated incidents. See United States v. Roberts, 18 U.S.C.M.A. 42, 39 C.M.R. 42 (1968); United States v. Potter, 46 C.M.R. 529 (N.C.M.R.1972). Unrelated anti-social acts may be shown through prior convictions or personnel records entries. Paragraphs 75b (2), d, Manual, supra. The drafters would have served no purpose in specifying these two modes of presenting evidence, with all the safeguards attached, if the Government could present a general denigration in any event, unhampered by the stringencies of proof required for an actual conviction. Therefore, we follow United States v. Allen, 21 C.M.R. 609 (C.G.B.R. 1956), and hold that it was error for the Government, after findings in this contested case, to present matters in aggravation unconnected with the offense at issue, not in rebuttal, and other than prior convictions and permitted personnel records entries.
The effect of the trial defense counsel’s failure to object is to render it unnecessary for us to take cognizance of the error, and we decline to do so. United States v. Pinkney, 22 U.S.C.M.A. 595, 48 C.M.R. 219 (1974).” (United States v. Pease, 49 C.M.R. 172, 173 (A.C.M.R. 1974)).
In this case there is no waiver since the defense made timely objection to admission of the evidence of two uncharged forgery offenses. The issue of guilt having already been decided, admission of uncharged misconduct to show “motive, intent, or state of mind” was immaterial. The only purpose the evidence could serve at this juncture was to convince the court-martial that the accused was a bad man.
The staff judge advocate recognized the error and correctly advised the convening authority that he could not consider the evidence of uncharged misconduct in determining the sentence he would approve. Further, the staff judge advocate noted that the error was harmless and did not influence the court-martial on sentence.
We do not agree with his latter premise and answer no to the issue for decision.
Some trial errors affecting the sentence may be purged by reassessment of the sentence on review. Others require a rehearing before a court-martial notwithstanding the fact that the error was noted below. United States v. Roberts, 18 U.S.C. M.A. 42, 39 C.M.R. 42, 46 (1968). The former course is chosen in this case for three reasons. First, the court-martial which sentenced the accused did not adjudge a punitive discharge; second, the sentence to confinement was not severe viewed in context with the maximum which could have been adjudged. Third, the president of the court-martial recommended clemency. Un
Accordingly, the findings of guilty are affirmed. Only so much of the sentence as provides for confinement at hard labor for twelve months, and forfeiture of all pay and allowances for twelve months is affirmed.