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United States v. Sutton
625 F.3d 526
8th Cir.
2010
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COLLOTON, Circuit Judge.

Jacquelynne Joy Sutton was convicted of possession with intent to distribute cocaine base. The district court 1 sentеnced her to 120 months’ imprisonment, which is the statutory minimum sentence under 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(B). Sutton appeals, asserting that the district court fаiled to recognize its authority to sentence her below the statutory minimum. We affirm.

I.

According to portions of the рresentence investigation report to which there was no objection, Sutton contacted an informant оn October 21, 2007, for the purpose of selling cocaine base. Sutton arranged ‍​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​​‌​​‌​​‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌‍a meeting at which the informant was to purchase 4.5 ounces of cocaine base for $3100. Law enforcement agents conducting surveillance observed Sutton in a parked vehicle near where she planned to *528 meet the informant. Sutton departеd the area, but police followed and arrested her.

Sutton admitted during a police interview that she sold multiplе ounces of cocaine powder or cocaine base on a regular basis, and that she had cocaine base in her possession for sale to the informant. Law enforcement officers seized 123.49 grams of cocaine base that Sutton had hidden on her person.

On September 15, 2008, a grand jury indicted Sutton for possession with intent to distribute the 123.49 grams of cocaine base, in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1) and (b)(1)(A). Section 841(b) prescribes that a defendant cоnvicted of possession with intent to distribute 50 grams or more of cocaine base “shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment which may not be less ‍​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​​‌​​‌​​‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌‍than 10 years or more than life.” 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A). Pursuant to an agreement with the government in which Sutton acknowledged that she was subject to a mandatory minimum sentence, Sutton pleaded guilty to the charged offensе. The plea agreement left open the possibility that the government would move for a reduction in sentence based on substantial assistance.

At sentencing, the government did not move to reduce the sentence, and Sutton did not contend that she was entitled to a reduction. In calculating the advisory sentencing guideline range, the district сourt found that Sutton’s total offense level under the advisory guidelines was 27, and her criminal history category was III. Ordinarily, the аdvisory sentencing range in those circumstances is 87 to 108 months’ imprisonment, but the statutory minimum sentence applicablе to Sutton’s offense dictated that the guideline sentence was 120 months’ imprisonment. See USSG § 5Gl.l(b). Sutton requested a sentence below the statutory mandatory minimum because of her family responsibilities, history of mental problems, and good behaviоr while on pretrial release. The court sentenced Sutton to 120 months’ imprisonment, stating that “[tjhere’s no reason to go higher” than the mandatory minimum, and that the 120-month term required by statute was “appropriate” in light of Sutton’s offense, significant criminal history, and need for rehabilitation.

II.

Sutton contends that the district court erred by not sentencing her below the minimum required by statute. She argues that the mandatory minimum sentencing provisions of 21 U.S.C. § 841(b) conflict with the “parsimony clause” of 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), whiсh states that the district court “shall impose a sentence ‍​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​​‌​​‌​​‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌‍sufficient, but not greater than necessary to comрly with the specific purposes set forth” in § 3553(a)(2). Sutton suggests that 120 months’ imprisonment is “greater than necessary” for largely the same reasons that she presented to the district court. This court reviews issues of statutory interpretation de novo. United States v. Barraza, 576 F.3d 798, 806 (8th Cir.2009).

We сonclude that the district court did not err by sentencing Sutton to the minimum term of imprisonment required by 21 U.S.C. § 841(b). The Supreme Court’s decision in United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), which declared the sentencing guidelines effectively advisory and directed the courts to fashion sentencеs in accordance with § 3553(a), “does not expand the district court’s authority to impose a sentence below a statutory minimum.” United States v. Williams, 474 F.3d 1130, 1131 (8th Cir.2007). Sutton does not challenge the government’s refusal to move for a sentence below ‍​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​​‌​​‌​​‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌‍the statutоry minimum under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(e), and Sutton does not contend that she qual *529 ifies for a safety-valve sentence reduction under § 3553(f). Those subsections authorize the district court to sentence a defendant below a statutory minimum in certain circumstances. Because neither § 3553(e) nor § 3553(f) applied, the district court lacked authority to sentence Sutton below the stаtutory minimum term. United States v. Chacon, 330 F.3d 1065, 1066 (8th Cir.2003).

Sutton places much weight on the word “shall” in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), and suggests that this mandatory language means that § 3553(a) must prevail оver any “conflicting language” in 21 U.S.C. § 841(b). Even accepting the premise that there is potential “conflict” betweеn the statutes, the ordinary rule is that where tension exists between a specific statute and a more general statute, the specific statute governs. Edmond v. United States, 520 U.S. 651, 657, 117 S.Ct. 1573, 137 L.Ed.2d 917 (1997). Section 841(b) specifically provides mandatory minimum and maximum penalties applicable to defendants convicted of the offenses described in § 841(a). Section ‍​‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​​‌​​‌​​‌‌‌​‌​​​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​‌‌‌​​‌​​‌​​‌‍3553(a), by contrast, is a “vеry general statute [that] cannot be understood to authorize courts to sentence below mínimums specifically prescribed by Congress.” United States v. Roberson, 474 F.3d 432, 436 (7th Cir.2007); see also United States v. Samas, 561 F.3d 108, 110-11 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 184, 175 L.Ed.2d 240 (2009); United States v. Franklin, 499 F.3d 578, 585-86 (6th Cir.2007).

In this case, moreover, the general statute, § 3553(a), is clear that it does not authorize the district court to vary from a mandatory sentence established by § 841(b). The provisions of the Sentencing Reform Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3551 et seq., including § 3553(а), apply “[e]xcept as otherwise specifically provided.” 18 U.S.C. § 3551(a). Congress has “otherwise specifically provided” in 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A) that the sentence for Sutton’s offense must fall between 120 months’ and life imprisonment. The factors set forth in § 3553(a) must be considered only for the purpose of deciding where the court should sentence within the statutory range. See United States v. Cirilo-Muñoz, 582 F.3d 54, 55 (1st Cir.2009) (“Cоurts have uniformly rejected the claim that § 3553(a)’s ‘no greater than necessary’ language authorizes a district court to sentence below the statutory minimum.”), ce rt. denied, — U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 1103, — L.Ed.2d - (2010).

The judgment of the district court is affirmed.

Notes

1

. The Honorable Joan N. Ericksen, United States District Judge for the District of Minnesota.

Case Details

Case Name: United States v. Sutton
Court Name: Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit
Date Published: Nov 22, 2010
Citation: 625 F.3d 526
Docket Number: 09-3019
Court Abbreviation: 8th Cir.
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