70 F.2d 542 | 9th Cir. | 1934
Action upon a policy of'war risk insurance instituted by John Helmer Suomy against the United States. 'Verdict and judgment were in favor of plaintiff and the government appeals. This appeal is based upon denial by the trial court of the defendant’s motion for a directed verdict and the question before us is whether or not there was substantial evidence of the total and permanent disability of plaintiff on April 19, 1919', to entitle the ease to go to the jury.
John Helmer'Suomy, a native of Finland, possessing but a limited education, entered the war forces of the United States and saw service in the Argonne Forest in France. It
He testified further that the pain was so severe as to prevent sleep; that it increases, with attempts to work, to such an extent that it distracts his mind from everything except the pain.
Witnesses testified to his extreme nervousness; that he was continually perspiring; that he was unable to sleep; that he was given to pacing about his room; and that he had to be helped to dress.
A physician, called as witness, testified (in part):
“Relative to the disturbance in the sympathetic nerve system in Mr. Suomy, we find distinct evidence of peripheral pain in this stump. This man ever since he has lost his arm has had pain from a phantom limb, constant with him day and night and as a result of that the stimuli coming into the central nervous system would have a tendency to make more irritable the rest of his nervous system; it would be a constant assault upon the ordinary equilibrium.” He testified that this pain had brought on nerve disorder and that in turn increased blood pressure and fattiness. He opined that Suomy was not at that time able to follow continuously any substantially gainful occupation; that the condition was permanent; and that the plaintiff was totally and permanently disabled since the time of losing his arm.
Another physician testified that he “would say this man is not able to follow continuously any substantially gainful occupation, due to the pain he is having in this stump. * a « » jjq stated that the man became totally and permanently disabled at the time of his original amputation.
It was testified by the experts that a neu-roma might develop quite rapidly following amputation or, on the other hand its development might be slow; that an X-ray would not
A third expert also gave as his opinion that Suomy was totally disabled following amputation of the arm and that the condition was a permanent one.
In defining total and permanent disability, the Supreme Court said in Lumbra v. U. S., 290 U. S. 551, 54 S. Ct. 272, 275, 78 L. Ed. 492:
“The phrase 'total permanent disability’ is to be construed reasonably and having regard to the circumstances of each ease. As the insurance authorized does not extend to total temporary or partial permanent disability, the tests appropriate for the determination of either need not be ascertained. The various meanings inhering in the phrase make impossible the ascertainment of any fixed rules of formulas uniformly to govern its construction. * * * It cannot be said that injury or disease sufficient merely to prevent one from again doing some work of the kind he had been accustomed to perform constitutes the disability meant by the act, for such impairment may not lessen or affect Ms ability to follow other useful, and perchance more lucrative, occupations. * * * ”
We think it well settled, without necessity for citation, that the burden of proof of total and permanent disability while the contract was in force is upon the insured. The mere fact of the insured’s working for relatively long periods of time is not conclusive against him, nor is the mere fact of his not working conclusive of his disability.
It is said, in Asher v. U. S. (C. C. A.) 63 F.(2d) 20, 23, that:
“In passing on the motion for a directed verdict, it was the duty of the court to take that view of the evidence most favorable to the plaintiff, and to determine the matter from that evidence and such inferences as may reasonably be drawn therefrom. If, when so viewed, the evidence was of such a character that reasonable men might reach different conclusions, then the ease should have been submitted to the jury. (Cases cited.) * * * ”
And, in Gunning v. Cooley, 281 U. S. 90, 50 S. Ct. 231, 233, 74 L. Ed. 720, appear the words “Issues that depend on the credibility of witnesses, and the effect or weight of evidence, are to be decided by the jury.” See, also, United States v. Lesher (C. C. A.) 59 F.(2d) 53, 55.
Here, we cannot say that the work record of plaintiff was so substantial as to contradict the evidence offered in behalf of the insured. However, that was for the jury to weigh. See United States v. Dudley (C. C. A.) 64 F.(2d) 743; United States v. Baxter (C. C. A.) 62 F.(2d) 182.
The testimony was ample, if believed by the jury, to sustain the judgment. United States v. Lesher, supra.
In this case, as in United States v. Anderson (C. C. A.) 70 F.(2d) 537, decided April 12, 1934, and United States v. Todd, etc. (C. C. A.) 70 F.(2d) 540; decided April 13, 1934, the judgment is attacked (in the appellate court for the first time) upon the ground that there is no proof of loss. The complaint does not state the date of issuance of the policy of war risk insurance, and, according to the appellant’s theory, the policy might have been issued after the injury to the soldier. In other words, the soldier may have been totally and permanently disabled prior to issuance of the policy. Appellate courts look with disfavor upon points urged and questions raised for the first time upon appeal. However, in the two eases above referred to, the instructions of the court to the jury were made part of the record upon appeal and in each case the asserted defect in the pleading was cured by the language of the trial court in submitting the respective eases to the jury. In this case the instructions of the court to the jury were not made part of the record upon appeal. It may be that the instructions would have cured the alleged defect in tMs ease as well. Had the matter been presented to the trial court, it would have been a simple matter for the plaintiff to have amended his pleadings. Here, both the court and the parties proceeded through the trial as though the necessary allegations had been made and judgment was entered. We feel constrained to consider the complaint as amended. Norton v. Larney, 266 U. S. 511, 516, 45 S. Ct. 145, 69 L. Ed. 413; Realty Holding Co. v. Donaldson, 268 U. S. 398, 400, 45 S. Ct. 521, 69 L. Ed. 1014.
Another reason appears for upholding the judgment. Under the original War Risk Insurance Aet Oct. 6, 1917, §§ 400 and 401 (40 Stat. 409), the soldier was compelled to make application for policy within 120 days after entrance into the service and before
Affirmed.