275 F. 1011 | D. Del. | 1921
Isadore Smoller, as principal^ and Anthony Corleto, as surety, entered into a recognizance conditioned for the appearance of Smoller at the September term, 1920, of this court to answer a criminal charge made against him. Smoller did not appear at that term and the recognizance was forfeited. He appeared, however, at the last term, pleaded guilty, and was sentenced. The surety thereupon made this application under section 1020, U. S. R. S. (Comp. St. § 1684), for the remission of the whole or a part of the penalty of the recognizance. That section provides:
“When any recognizance in a criminal cause, taken for, or in, or returnable to, any court of the United States, is forfeited by a breach of the condition thereof, such court may, in its discretion, remit the whole or a part of the penalty, whenever it appears to the court that there has been no willful default of .the party, and that a trial can, notwithstanding, be had in the cause, and that public justice does not otherwise require the same penalty to be enforced.”
Sentence having been imposed, and it being conceded “that public justice does not otherwise require the same penalty to be enforced,” the basic question involved is whether the default of Smoller was “willful,” within the contemplation of the statute, for, if willful, the application must be denied. U. S. v. Robinson, 158 Fed. 410, 85 C. C. A. 520. No case defining the meaning of the word “willful” as used in the statute in question has been called to my attention; but, as the statute is remedial in character (U. S. v. Jenkins, 176 Fed. 672, 100 C. C. A. 224, 20 Ann. Cas. 1255), it should receive a construction that will freely give, and not thwart, the relief intended by Congress to be afforded thereby. Viewed from that aspect, I am of the opinion that the words “willful default” mean more than a default, arising from ignorance, inexperience, inattention, thoughtlessness, or even carelessness and negligence, and that they indicate a default knowingly, intentionally, and deliberately made.
As appears from the evidence adduced in support of the present application, Smoller’s default was not knowingly and intentionally made, but was attributable to ignorance and inattention, or at most to negligence. Hence I am convinced that it is within the power and discretion of the court to remit the whole or a part of the penalty. The ob