2 M.J. 681 | U S Air Force Court of Military Review | 1976
DECISION UPON FURTHER REVIEW
Tried by general court-martial, military judge alone, the accused was convicted, pursuant to his pleas, of two specifications of sale and one specification of transfer of heroin to other servicemen, in violation of Article 134, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C. § 934. The approved sentence extends to a bad conduct discharge, confinement at hard labor for 14 months, forfeiture of all pay and allowances and reduction to the grade of airman basic.
In our original, unpublished, decision in this case, dated 12 February 1976, we affirmed the findings and sentence. On 24 May 1976, the Court of Military Appeals vacated that decision and remanded the record to this Court with directions to hold further proceedings in abeyance pending disposition of the issues granted in United States v. Jackson and United States v. Courtney.
In Courtney, supra, the Court of Military Appeals held that in the absence of any standard for determining whether to charge a drug offense under Article 134, Code, supra, or under Article 92, where there is an applicable service regulation proscribing the conduct involved, the maximum sentence imposable is limited to that under Article 92 rather than Article 134.
In addition to Courtney and Jackson, we believe that the Order in United States v.
Recently, in United States v. De La Fuente, 2 M.J. 668 (A.F.C.M.R. 16 September 1976), we found the accused’s plea of guilty to wrongful possession of marijuana, in violation of Article 134, provident on two bases: the difference in the respective maximum punishments was not substantial, and, in any event, the accused had been correctly advised of the maximum punishment under the then existing law. Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 90 S.Ct. 1463, 25 L.Ed.2d 747 (1970); United States v. Walter, 20 U.S.C.M.A. 367, 43 C.M.R. 207 (1971). In a similar case, United States v. Sasportas, 2 M.J. 676 (A.F.C.M.R. 22 September 1976), where the difference between permissible maximum punishments was substantial, we found providency, nevertheless, where the record demonstrated that the defense was aware of the possible lesser punishment involved and, as in De La Fuente, the accused had been correctly advised of the then permissible maximum sentence.
Here, the record reveals no such additional circumstances as were present in De La Fuente or Sasportas. The difference in punishments between that perceived by the trial participants and that imposable under Article 92 was substantial, and there is no indication that the defense was aware a lesser punishment might someday be involved. Therefore, if the accused’s pleas are to be found provident, it must be on the sole basis that he was properly advised of the then applicable maximum punishment. As indicated in De La Fuente, we find that the single circumstance that an accused was sentenced before the court’s decision in Courtney, supra, is sufficient to establish the providency of his pleas so long as he was otherwise properly advised of the law existent at the time of his plea.
The language in Brady v. United States, supra, cited in both De La Fuente and Sasportas is particularly apposite here:
Often the decision to plead guilty is heavily influenced by the defendant’s appraisal of the prosecution’s case against him and by the apparent likelihood of securing leniency should a guilty plea be offered and accepted. ... A defendant is not entitled to withdraw his plea merely because he discovers long after the plea has been accepted that his calculus misapprehended the quality of the State’s case or the likely penalties attached to alternative courses of action. More particularly, absent misrepresentations or other impermissible conduct by state agents ... a voluntary plea of guilty intelligently made in the light of the then applicable law does not become vulnerable because later judicial decisions indicate that the plea rested on a faulty premise. A plea of guilty triggered by the expectations of a competently counseled defendant that the State will have a strong case against him is- not subject to later attack because the defendant’s lawyer correctly advised him with respect to the then existing law as to possible penalties but later pronouncements of the courts, as in this case, hold that the maximum penalty for the crime in question was less than was reasonably assumed at the time the plea was entered.
The fact that Brady did not anticipate United States v. Jackson, [390 U.S. 570, 88 S.Ct. 1209, 20 L.Ed.2d 138] supra, does not impugn the truth or reliability of his plea. We find no requirement in the*683 Constitution that a defendant must be permitted to disown his solemn admissions in open court that he committed the act with which he is charged simply because it later develops that the State would have had a weaker case than the defendant had thought or that the maximum penalty then assumed applicable has been held inapplicable in subsequent judicial decisions.
397 U.S. at 756-7, 90 S.Ct. at 1473-1474. (Emphasis added.) See also McMann v. Richardson, 397 U.S. 759, 90 S.Ct. 1441, 25 L.Ed.2d 763 (1970); United States v. Dusenberry, 23 U.S.C.M.A. 287, 49 C.M.R. 536 (1975); United States v. Bosco, 2 M.J. 658 (A.F.C.M.R. 27 August 1976).
We have examined carefully the providency inquiry conducted by the military judge and the other evidence of guilt and are satisfied that the accused’s plea of guilty was voluntarily and intelligently made and that he is, in fact, guilty. The accused was correctly advised as to the maximum penalty prescribed by the law as it then existed, and there is no hint of Government misrepresentation or other impermissible conduct in this case. Accordingly, we find that the accused’s guilty plea was providently made.
The findings of guilty and the sentence are
AFFIRMED.
. On 26 May 1976, the Commander, Lowry Technical Training Center, remitted all confinement at hard labor in excess of 12 months. The accused is presently on excess leave.
. Courtney was decided by decision, 24 U.S.C. M.A. 280, 51 C.M.R. 796, 1 M.J. 438 (1976), and Jackson by Order (2 July 1976).
